Suchergebnisse

The phenomenon of lobbying is considered as a mechanism for representing group interests, a system and practice of realizing the social interests of various groups, unions and associations of citizens, as well as business groups and corporations, which act through purposeful influence on the legislative power and state administrative structures. The informational and communicative essence of lobbying is revealed, and informational lobbying is singled out as a specific type of lobbying activity in the conditions of a post-industrial society. Information lobbying is defined as a method of information support for the activities of certain interest groups, structures operating in the sphere of decision-making by state authorities and local governments, and a special way of forming and supporting communications, which has specific features, principles and norms of information exchange and reproduction of political contacts, communication channels and other components. It is proven that the communicative nature of information lobbying allows its subjects to organize political discourse. In general, it is appropriate to define information lobbying as a form of marketing communications, which is a specific result of the development of political markets in the conditions of developed representative democracy, when the owners of large public resources begin to play a special political role. Like any type of marketing communications, information lobbying is focused on establishing two-way relations and forming feedback between the communicator and the recipient. A special direction of information lobbying is international lobbying activity, which is interpreted as the interaction of legal entities or individuals with state power structures and management institutions that are formed at the global level, in order to influence the development and decision-making by them in their own interests or in the interests of specific clients.

The study aims to analyse the connection among types of security intimidations: threats, challenges, vulnerabilities, and security risks, to establish the rapport between national and global threats, to review critical issues of the security environment.The study's relevance is that the concept of security needs to be updated in the current changes in the global security context and the emergence of an increasing number and variety of threats under the transformations that are taking place. The research shows how the reconceptualization of security in the late twentieth century was influenced by global contextual changes associated with the end of the Cold War and the use of constructivist approaches in the social sciences. This dual change has led to a rethinking of security challenges in the second decade of the 21st century, leading to increased interest in this study. It is exposed that the concepts of vulnerability and risk are used not only in the context of foreign and defence policy, but also concerning ecologic security challenges caused by global environmental change, climate change and dangers and disasters, where there is no consensus within and among the community on vulnerability, and risks. In conclusion, it is proved that conceptual thinking on security threats has necessitated precise definition and consensus on these concepts, especially on practical policy measures to achieve agreed goals, and systematization of types of threats to all types of security and life support. It is determined that the degradation of traditional political institutions, against the background of the degeneration of the established international law system and order, cause the emergence of new threats to national security and, accordingly, political, as its subcategories. It is noted that modern researchers have paid little attention to studying the connection between the concepts of political security, state security and threats to state security. In the context of new globalization threats, states are facing a change in the security context and need to review security strategies and update the discourse on political and national security.

The article analyzes and considers in detail the positioning of two countries – Israel and North Korea – in relation to the war in Ukraine, which changed the structure of the world order and security architecture in Europe and, in general, in the world, as well as reset the relations of the Ukrainian state with its partners. The author characterizes the foreign policy activities and diplomacy of the countries at the present stage in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, taking into account globalization processes, technological innovations and national interests of these states. It is determined that Israel and North Korea, as countries with different political systems, respectively, have different positions in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian confrontation. First of all, the author analyzes the foreign policy and position of Israel, which, as a democratic country, uses its diplomacy to actively participate in international relations. Particular attention is paid to Israel's reaction to the war in Ukraine, which expresses restrained support for the Ukrainian state, supports its sovereignty and territorial integrity and condemns Russian aggression, but does not want to have a confrontation with Russia, so Israel limits its practical assistance to Ukraine mainly to the humanitarian dimension, with a categorical refusal to transfer high-tech weapons of its own production. North Korea represents a country where the authoritarian regime shapes the country's foreign policy, emphasizing military technology as the main element of security and influence. The analysis shows that North Korea has traditionally been isolated from the international community and actively supports the aggressor country, in particular to benefit economically from closer ties with its northern neighbor, whose economy has so far been kept afloat despite harsh economic sanctions by Western countries. The study highlights key aspects of security, foreign policy, and diplomacy that influence the countries' positions in the context of the war in Ukraine.

The aim of the article was to investigate the principles of the implementation of diplomatic policy and the problems of the Russian-Ukrainian war settlement by applying the method of mediation. The work is based on the use of both special methods of political research and general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction). With the help of a prognostic method, an attempt was made to characterize the short-term results of the introduction of political mediation in the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war. The results showed that mediation is a special negotiation technology for resolving political conflicts. The key tasks of mediation in political conflict resolution are neutralization of negative consequences of the confrontation, search for dissonance between the parties and development of a strategy for further actions, etc. It is concluded that, at this stage of the war, political mediation to resolve the problems is possible only due to the military failures of the Russian side and the Ukrainian collaborators supported by it.