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In: Mathematics in science and engineering 191
In: HELIYON-D-21-05387
SSRN
In: Behavioral medicine, Band 38, Heft 2, S. 49-53
ISSN: 1940-4026
In: European addiction research, Band 24, Heft 2, S. 71-78
ISSN: 1421-9891
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Animal studies have demonstrated that oxytocin can influence addiction behaviors and might interact with the dopaminergic system, which is a key component of addiction behaviors. However, related evidence from clinical studies is scarce. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between plasma oxytocin level and heroin craving among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment, and to ascertain whether this relationship is moderated by novelty-seeking. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study was conducted in a methadone maintenance therapy clinic of a medical center in Taiwan. Seventy-seven patients with heroin addiction were enrolled. Plasma oxytocin was measured using an ELISA kit. Craving was assessed using an established instrument, the Chinese Craving Scale. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A significant negative association was found between the plasma oxytocin level and craving score, which remained robust after controlling the effects of social support and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. An interaction between oxytocin and novelty-seeking indicated that this relationship was stronger among patients with a lower level of novelty-seeking. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This finding may be taken into account in future studies and may provide a basis for the development of potential treatment for addiction. The effect of oxytocin for the treatment of opioid dependence might be modulated by some psychological factors.
In: European addiction research, Band 22, Heft 4, S. 201-209
ISSN: 1421-9891
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Different drug dependencies may have unique genetic vulnerabilities. Changes in serotonin availability and function have been linked to addiction. We investigated whether 2 serotonergic polymorphisms, <i>TPH1 A218C</i> (rs1800532) and <i>5-HTT</i>-linked promoter region <i>(5-HTTLPR)</i> (rs25531), are differently associated with alcohol or opiate dependence. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Alcohol-dependent patients (n = 292), opiate-dependent patients (n = 309), and healthy controls (n = 301) were recruited from the Han Chinese population in Taiwan. Genotypes of <i>TPH1 A218C</i> and <i>5-HTTLPR</i> polymorphisms were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The genotype frequencies of the <i>TPH1 A218C</i> polymorphisms were not significantly different in the 3 groups. The genotype frequencies of the<i> 5-HTTLPR S+</i> (<i>S/S</i>,<i> S/L</i><sub><i>G</i></sub>,<i> L</i><sub><i>G</i></sub><i>/L</i><sub><i>G</i></sub>) polymorphisms were significantly higher in opiate-dependent patients (χ<sup>2</sup> = 8.77, p = 0.01), but not after controlling for the covariates of age, gender, and interaction effect in logistic regression analysis. Moreover, there was a significant interaction between the <i>TPH1 A218C A/C</i> and <i>5-HTTLPR S+</i> gene polymorphisms in opiate-dependent (OR 2.72, p = 0.01), but not in alcohol-dependent patients. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our data suggested that there may be a differential genetic vulnerability in serotonergic genes for alcohol and opiate addiction. However, replications of our findings are still needed.
In: Encyclopedias of the Natural World 4
This major reference is an overview of the current state of theoretical ecology through a series of topical entries centered on both ecological and statistical themes. Coverage ranges across scales—from the physiological, to populations, landscapes, and ecosystems. Entries provide an introduction to broad fields such as Applied Ecology, Behavioral Ecology, Computational Ecology, Ecosystem Ecology, Epidemiology and Epidemic Modeling, Population Ecology, Spatial Ecology and Statistics in Ecology. Others provide greater specificity and depth, including discussions on the Allee effect, ordinary differential equations, and ecosystem services. Descriptions of modern statistical and modeling approaches and how they contributed to advances in theoretical ecology are also included. Succinct, uncompromising, and authoritative—a "must have" for those interested in the use of theory in the ecological sciences