Suchergebnisse

This introduction highlights the analytical potential of "belonging" for those studying the social processes of Jewish exclusion in the Holocaust. It does so by proposing a tripartite definition of "belonging," one that bridges emotions, everyday practices, and generational memory. Offering a close reading of diaries, memoirs, memorial books, testimonies, trial records, oral interviews, and individual and group chronicles, articles included in this special section capture the experiences of those who have been rejected from historically multiethnic and multireligious communities and the ways in which this process took place at the time and was narrated later. By examining physical and symbolic encounters between individuals and groups, we show how those at the margins negotiated and expressed their changing place in the broader community, how they interpreted and appropriated social engineering by the regime, and how they responded to their categorization by neighbors and the authorities which ultimately marked them for murder. The advantage of this approach lies in inviting and enabling comparison, and in its relevance for individuals and groups that were either included in or excluded from the locally redrawn categories of "national communities."

Focusing on coexistence in towns and villages of the former Šariš Zemplín County during World War II, our article exposes the shifting meanings assigned to belonging in what was a multiethnic borderland region and an economic periphery. Informed by works on community construction and meaning, we understand "locals" as being formed by diverse and at times conflicting social experiences that are nevertheless rooted in the same physical environment. We draw on late witness testimonies by Jewish survivors and Gentile neighbors to investigate the roles of public and private spaces in how a sense of community was revoked. Since the redrawing of boundaries was made into a public concern in the 1930s, the redefining of "locals" along ethnoreligious lines had a deep situational dimension, with local norms and experiences shaping the ousting of the Jews from what was historically a shared space. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and methodological implications of our research for writing integrated histories of the Holocaust, mindful of relationships between people, objects, but also places.

AbstractWe introduce a novel definition of "clerical fascism." Building on Griffin's only available conceptualization, we define "clerical fascism," in its ideal type, as a political regime put forward or significantly shaped by a movement or factions within a movement dominated by clerics and theologians who advocate a symbiosis of Christian and fascist principles. Our definition of "clerical fascism" is derived from case‐based research into interwar and wartime Slovakia. We begin by following the etymological trail of the concept and its historical context. We then expand on Griffin's understanding of the term. Our definition of "clerical fascism" rests on the three aspects of the political—policy, politics and polity. We show the analytical potential of our model by applying it to the political praxis of 1939–45 Slovakia. Our essay concludes by extending on the larger implications of this model for the study of religion and political radicalism in the past and present.

This article adds to an on-going conceptual discussion on the usefulness of the 'bystander' term when applied to the Holocaust and its aftermath. This catch-all concept, mostly associated with Raul Hilberg, has been the subject of fierce criticism, leading some to apply it only with adjectives ('innocent', 'active' or 'passive') and others to dismiss the concept altogether. Taking the Jewish–Gentile relations in Topoľčany as a case study, it becomes clear that the concept has many shortcomings when applied to the microcosm of a particular event. On the basis of Giovanni Sartori's writings on concept formation and the 'ladder of abstraction', we argue against dismissing the concept altogether in exchange for limiting its degree of applicability. As shown, the 'bystander' concept can be useful when approached with discipline and while being aware of the level of its generalisation.

Umschlag -- Titel -- Contents -- RESEARCH ARTICLES -- Natalia Aleksiun and Hana Kubátová: Introduction: Places, Spaces, and Voids in the Holocaust -- Andrea Löw and Kim Wünschmann: Film and the Reordering of City Space in Nazi Germany: The Demolition of the Munich Main Synagogue -- Michal Frankl: Cast Out of Civilized Society: Refugees in the No Man's Land between Slovakia and Hungary in 1938 -- Beate Meyer: Protected or Persecuted? Preliminary Findings on Foreign Jews in Nazi Germany -- Dominique Schröder: Writing the Camps, Shifting the Limits of Language: Toward a Semantics of the Concentration Camps -- Tal Bruttmann, Stefan Hördler, and Christoph Kreutzmüller: A Paradoxical Panorama: Aspects of Space in Lili Jacob's Album -- Irina Rebrova: Jewish Accounts of Soviet Evacuation to the North Caucasus -- Malena Chinski: A New Address for Holocaust Research: Michel Borwicz and Joseph Wulf in Paris,1947-1951 -- Anna Engelking: "Our own traitor" as the Focal Point of Belarusian Folk Narrative on Local Perpetrators of the Holocaust -- Hannah Wilson: The Memoryscape of Sobibór Death Camp: Commemoration and Materiality -- DISCUSSION ESSAY -- Tim Cole and Anne Kelly Knowles: Thinking Spatially about the Holocaust -- SOURCE COMMENTARY -- Julie Dawson: "What meaning can the keeping of a diary have for a person like me": Spaces of Survivor Agency under Postwar Oppression -- PROJECT DESCRIPTION -- Denisa Nestakova: "Privileged" Space or Site of Temporary Safety? Women and Men in the Sered Camp -- Florian Zabransky: Male Jewish Intimacy during the Holocaust -- Svenja Bethke: Clothing, Fashion, and Survival in the Nazi Ghettos -- About the Authors.

"Europa in Mauthausen" stellt erstmals umfassend die Geschichte der Überlebenden eines nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslagers dar. Diese beruht auf einer einmaligen Sammlung von über 850 lebensgeschichtlichen Interviews mit Überlebenden aus ganz Europa, Israel, Nord- und Südamerika.
Der zweite Band "Deportiert nach Mauthausen" geht der Frage nach, auf welche Weise Häftlinge aus zahlreichen europäischen Ländern in den KZ-Komplex Mauthausen gebracht wurden. Die Deportationen, die Transfers von Häftlingen innerhalb des gesamten NS-Lagersystems und die Todesmärsche führten zu einem ständigen Wandel in der Binnenwelt der Konzentrationslager. Trotz der Allpräsenz des gewaltsamen Todes weichen die Schicksale der KZ-Insassen daher beträchtlich voneinander ab. Die Pluralität der Erfahrungen der Überlebenden und die vielfältigen Analyseansätze der Autoren und Autorinnen dieses Bandes bilden die Grundlage für ein neues, vertieftes Verständnis der "Häftlingsgesellschaft".