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Think tanks and their researchers provide much needed explanation of foreign policy. Many US Presidents have consulted think tanks for policy advise and for ideological coherence. Indeed, the American Presidents have employed experts from think tanks to serve in senior positions in their government. Policy-makers look for advise to think tanks and their scholars resulting from the decentralisation and fragmentation of the American political system. In a system based on separate branches sharing powers, and one in which policy-makers are not limited by the programs of political parties, think tanks can communicate their ideas through multiple channels to several hundred law-makers. The author examines the war of ideas waged by the neoconservative think tanks against their liberal counterparts. Contents · US Foreign Policy in the 20th Century · Neoconservative and Liberal Think Tanks · War of Ideas · From Neutral Policy Recommendations to Political Advocacy Target Groups · Researchers and students in the field of political science and American studies The Author Dr. Kubilay Yado Arin studied Political Science and made his Ph.D studies in American Cultural History at the University of Munich

Wie ist der Wandel von der auf kooperative Hegemonie ausgerichteten Außenpolitik der Clinton-Administration zu der auf Suprematie ausgerichteten Politik unter der Administration von Bush Jr. zu erklären? Hängt dies mit dem Einfluss von Think Tanks zusammen, die als partikulare Interessengruppen die Definition expansiver außenpolitischer Ziele zu Lasten breiterer, gesamtgesellschaftlicher Interessen manipulieren? Kubilay Yado Arin untersucht Forschung, Analysen und Politikberatung der US-amerikanischen Denkfabriken American Enterprise Institute, Progressive Policy Institute, Heritage Foundation, Brookings Institution, Council on Foreign Relations und Project for a New American Century und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die genannten Institute eine Neuordnung der aus der Zeit des Kalten Krieges stammenden institutionellen Arrangements durch ihre ideologischen Parteistreitigkeiten bis zum heutigen Tage verhindern. Der Inhalt · Clinton, Bush Jr. und die Politikberatung aus den Think Tanks· Die Stellung der Think Tanks im politischen System· Theorien für die Rolle der Think Tanks in der US-Außenpolitik· Der Krieg gegen den Terror und die US-Verfassung Die Zielgruppen · Dozierende und Studierende der Politikwissenschaft und Amerikanistik · PraktikerInnen im Bereich Politikberatung Der Autor Kubilay Yado Arin promovierte in Amerikanischer Kulturgeschichte und Politikwissenschaft an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

The last decades saw Turkey evolving from its Cold War era model of foreign relations, when it was the bastion of the West in the region, which involved alliance with the US and Israel. Following the doctrine of Ahmed Davutoĝlu, a theoretician of the Islamic Justice and Development Party (AKP), which rose to power in 2002, Turkey opened to the neighbouring states, striving to become a regional power by diplomatic rather than military means and through cultural and economic incentives. Both the internal and international actions of AKP governments were initially successful, and Turkey with its version of Islamic democracy was considered a model during the Arab Spring and a sound counterbalance to such countries as Iran. However, Turkey's bid to join the EU was stalled, and its approach to the civil war in Syria as well as other issues has been heavily criticized both in the West and in the region. The internal tensions are growing too, as the government has failed to recognize the rights of large minority groups, particularly the Kurds and the Alevi, which may threaten the integrity of the country.

The last decades saw Turkey evolving from its Cold War era model of foreign relations, when it was the bastion of the West in the region, which involved alliance with the US and Israel. Following the doctrine of Ahmed Davutoĝlu, a theoretician of the Islamic Justice and Development Party (AKP), which rose to power in 2002, Turkey opened to the neighbouring states, striving to become a regional power by diplomatic rather than military means and through cultural and economic incentives. Both the internal and international actions of AKP governments were initially successful, and Turkey with its version of Islamic democracy was considered a model during the Arab Spring and a sound counterbalance to such countries as Iran. However, Turkey's bid to join the EU was stalled, and its approach to the civil war in Syria as well as other issues has been heavily criticized both in the West and in the region. The internal tensions are growing too, as the government has failed to recognize the rights of large minority groups, particularly the Kurds and the Alevi, which may threaten the integrity of the country.

"In this article the process of democratization is evaluated on the basis of the EU's Copenhagen criteria for Turkey, whereby their incorporation into national law, the National Program, and the various reform packages are examined. The EU accession bid has stimulated Turkey's political and legal reforms and intensified the democratization process. The accession talks are overshadowed by the Kurdish question." (author's abstract)