Suchergebnisse

Despite the many steps taken towards gender equality, women's situation on the labour market is worse than the respective situation of men. Women receive lower remuneration and are offered limited promotion opportunities. The aim of the research described in the paper is to compare the situation of men and women on the labour market and to indicate the factors which determine it. The study is based on data from the Labour Force Survey (Badanie Aktywności Ekonomicznej Ludności – BAEL) covering the years 2010–2018. The article presents an analysis of the employment and unemployment rates and estimates showing the relative chances of the outflow from employment and unemployment for both men and women.
The results of the analyses indicated an upward trend in the employment in the given period, although the employment rate was lower for women than for men in all the featured sections. Moreover, women faced a greater risk of unemployment than men, despite the fact that the gap between the unemployment rates for men and women narrowed in the years 2015–2018.
The highest probability of job loss and outflow to unemployment was observed among women aged 15–24 and 25–34, while the lowest among women with tertiary education.

The purpose of the paper is to show relationships between the stock of labour and economic growth in the XXI. century, and especially to show the shares of this factor in economic growth. The empirical basis of the research is based on the statistical data for Poland and groups of the EU countries in the years 2000–2019. The research indicates the indicators of the shares of employment growth in GDP growth (the so-called absorption indicators) are in Poland much lower than in the country groups of the Eurozone, EU 15 and EU 27. Estimations of the limits of jobless growth indicate they are in Poland much lower in the years 2000–2019 than earlier, and moreover their levels are in Poland much higher than in the mentioned country groups.

The objective of this paper is to show the relationship between the size of such factor as workforce and economic growth rate in the 21st century, and, in particular, to determine the contribution of this factor to the economic growth. The empirical basis for the research represents statistics for Poland and the European Union country categories for the 2000–2019 period. The research shows that shares of employment growth rates in GDP growth (the so-called employment absorption rates) are much lower in Poland than in the Eurozone, EU-15 and EU-27 categories. The estimates of the jobless economic growth limits indicate that in Poland in the 2000–2019 period they were much lower than before, and were at a much higher level than in the Eurozone, the EU-15 and EU-27 categories.

The article tests the hypothesis that the labour market in Poland has been polarised between 2008 and 2016
and makes an attempt at showing the course of the process across the regional labour markets. The database used in the
research was compiled by merging data from labour force surveys and wage structure surveys conducted in 2008 and 2016.
The article is structured as follows. Section 1 is a review of literature relating to the matter under consideration. In section
2, the research methodology and the data used are characterised. Section 3 presents the results of the investigation into
employment and wage structures in Polish voivodeships and Macro-regions. In Section 4, the findings from the econometric
analysis are discussed. The last section contains the main conclusions from the research.
The conclusions are as follows. Firstly, in the period under study, wage changes in Poland formed a U-shaped pattern,
similar to those observed inlabour markets in other development countries. Secondly, the econometric analysis revealed
wage polarisation in Poland between 2008 and 2016. Thirdly, only the Śląskie voivodeship and the Southern Macroregion
were found to be likely to have polarised wages in that period.