Suchergebnisse

Relevance of the research topic. The article is devoted to the problem of state regulation of the processes of convergence of air transport of Ukraine to the European Union (EU), the relevance of which is confirmed in the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine for the period until 2030 and the draft Plan for the Recovery of Ukraine. Analysis of recent research and publications. An overview of foreign and domestic scientific research on the problems of state regulation of air transport is presented. Setting the task, the goal of the research. The purpose of the article is to determine the problems and methods of state regulation of the processes of convergence of aviation transport of Ukraine to the EU and outline the means of their implementation. Highlighting unexplored parts of the general problem. Despite the large number of studies on the problems of state regulation of air transport, it is necessary to note the insufficiency of scientific works on this issue. Presentation of the main material. The author identified the systemic risks of the economic stability of the functioning of the aviation transport of Ukraine in the conditions of war and post-war recovery and the key actions to reduce them. The methods of state regulation of the processes of convergence of air transport of Ukraine to the EU (increasing the level of security; progressive liberal policy; deregulation of economic activity; promotion of foreign economic and international legal activity; technical improvement; introduction of information technologies) and the means of their implementation are given. Conclusions according to the article. Ukraine's signing of the Common Aviation Space Agreement with the EU countries contributes to the development of the domestic aviation industry and provides for the unification of the air transport markets of our country and the EU, the removal of barriers, which will contribute to the development of Ukraine's transit potential and integration into European aviation structures, strengthening the country's authority on the international the arena. During the post-war recovery of Ukraine, it is necessary to introduce new methods of state regulation of the processes of convergence of air transport to the EU: introduction of airspace free routes; development of the institute of the authorized economic operator; transformation of traditional airports into ecosystems; use of digitization, modern technologies of air traffic management, biometrics, artificial intelligence, electronic document management.

Актуальность темы исследования. Статья посвящена проблеме усовершенствования методологии формирования тарифов на морском транспорте, актуальность которой подтверждена в Национальной транспортной стратегии Украины на период до 2030 года, Стратегии развития морских портов Украины до 2038 года, Морской доктрине Украины на период до 2035 года. Анализ последних исследований и публикаций. Автором приведен обзор зарубежных научных исследований проблем тарифной политики, инвестиционных ограничений в секторе судоходства, определению транспортных расходов морских перевозок и их влияния на международные торговые потоки. Постановка задачи, цели исследования. Целью статьи является усовершенствование методологических подходов к формированию тарифов на морском транспорте. Выделение неисследованных частей общей проблемы. Несмотря на большое количество научных исследований проблем совершенствования тарифов на морском транспорте необходимо отметить недостаточность отечественных трудов методологического характера. Изложение основного материала. Автором определены факторы, влияющие на расходы: разница в капитальных затратах и затратах на рабочую силу; географическое положение, особенно расстояние перевозок; уровень страховых сборов; отдача от масштаба; развитие контейнерных перевозок; технологические изменения в транспортном секторе; качество наземной инфраструктуры; эффективность порта; политические мероприятия и инвестиционные ограничения, организованная преступность; определенный уровень государственного регулирования. Выводы в соответствии со статьей. В Украине необходимо внедрять методологические подходы к разработке тарифов, учитывающих стоимость перевозимого груза, затраты на производство, «ценность» продукции для конечного потребителя, интересы других участников перевозки (грузоотправителя, экспедитора груза, перевозчика, оператора терминала, грузополучателя).

Relevance of the research topic. The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the competitiveness of seaports of Ukraine, the relevance of which is highlighted in the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030; Strategies for the development of seaports of Ukraine for the period up to 2038; Corporate strategy of the state enterprise "Administration of Seaports of Ukraine" until 2025. Analysis of recent research and publications. The article provides an overview of modern foreign publications on assessing the competitiveness of seaports using various methods, in particular: the Herfindahl-Hirschman index; psychometric Likert scale; expert assessments based on an extended version of M. Porter's "diamond" approach. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The author emphasizes the inadequacy of domestic work on assessing the competitiveness of seaports using economic and mathematical modeling. Problem statement, research goals. The aim of the article is to implement a methodological approach to assessing the competitiveness of Ukrainian seaports using the Harrington desirability function. Method or methodology of the study. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of economic and mathematical modeling. Presentation of the main material. In modern economic conditions, the seaport is considered a complex economic system. One of the most convenient and clear methods of solving multicriteria problems, which include the assessment of competitiveness, is the desirable function of Harrington. The author simulates the assessment of the level of competitiveness of 13 seaports of Ukraine using the psychophysical scale of Harrington's desirability on the basis of these indicators that characterize their technical condition. Conclusions in accordance with the article. As a result of modeling, it was obtained that the generalized coefficient of desirability of assessing the competitiveness of Ukrainian seaports has a value in the range from 0.42 to 0.77, ie the assessment of "satisfactory" and "good". This means that the modernization of ports, which helps to improve these indicators (number of berths, their length, maximum depth of parking near berths, the total area of warehouses) can significantly increase the level of their competitiveness.

The article is devoted to the problem of determining the main directions of the formation of a competitive marine infrastructure of Ukraine, the relevance of which is confirmed in the Strategy for the Development of Sea Ports of Ukraine for the period up to 2038 Marine Doctrine of Ukraine for the period up to 2035. Many scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists are devoted to the problems of increasing the competitiveness of marine infrastructure. However, it is worth noting the lack of domestic work on the problems of the development of maritime and river transport in the current economic conditions, which are characterized by the growth of globalization and integration processes. Тhe purpose of the article is to assess the position of Ukraine in the ranking of countries of the world in terms of the development of maritime transport and the definition of strategic measures for the formation of a competitive national maritime infrastructure. The author provides an overview of the state and forecast of the development of shipping in the world. The advantages of transporting goods by sea are formulated, which determine its competitiveness. The positions of Ukraine in the ranking of countries of the world in the number of ships of the marine merchant fleet and the length of waterways are determined. The characteristic of the largest world alliances in the container shipping market by sea is given. The article emphasizes the problem of the uncertain prospects for the development of shipping, which is due to a combination of geopolitical and economic risks, which is associated with trade policy, structural changes in the global economy, changes in the global energy balance, and the spread of digital technologies. Ukraine has significant potential to develop cargo and passenger transportation by river and sea. Among the former CIS countries, it ranks third in the ratings after Russia and Belarus. However, in order to improve the rating and competitiveness of our country in the international market for the provision of water transport services, a number of measures need to be taken in terms of improving safety, introducing innovative technologies, improving tariff policy, and reforming governance.

The article deals with the problem of the transformation of maritime ports' property institutes, the relevance of which is confirmed in the program documents of the Government: the National transport strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030, the Agreement on the coalition of deputy factions «European Ukraine», the requirements of the International Monetary Fund.The purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of the transformation of the ports of Ukraine ownership on the efficiency of their activities, the peculiarities of various forms of public-private partnership (concessions, privatization, lease) for the development of stevedoring campaigns.On the basis of statistical data of general, import and export volumes of cargo handling at sea ports of Ukraine, the dynamics and calculated proportion of stevedoring companies of state, private and leasehold ownership in the period 2015-2018 have been formed. It has been proved that privatization processes help to increase the effectiveness of the stevedoring campaigns.In accordance with the Law of Ukraine dated January 18, 2018, No. 2269-VIII «On Privatization of State and Communal Property», the option of privatization of stevedoring campaigns as objects of large privatization in an auction with conditions is considered (auction, the winner of which is not only the bidder who offered the largest price, but also the one who agreed to accept additional privatization conditions).The most progressive form of operation of stevedoring campaigns is the lease of berths with their subsequent concession. However, there are three reservations: the impossibility of transferring a single port to a single company by concession, without thereby violating the rights of all other tenants and investors; politicization of the process of transferring objects to a concession; the advantage will be large foreign companies that are already leasing complexes. It is necessary to carefully approach the process of transformation of property institutions, to take into account the cost, size, volumes and range of goods processed by the stevedoring campaign.

The urgency of the research on the institutional provision of water transport in Ukraine is confirmed by the program documents of the Government: the draft National Transport Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030; Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU; Ukraine 2020 Sustainable Development Strategy. The purpose of the article is to determine the main provisions for improving the methodology of institutional provision of water transport on the basis of international experience in the context of globalization and integration processes. As a result of the research the following provisions are formulated: - formalization of aspects of port studies (space, time, socio-economic, functional, institutional, organizational level); - definition of ports as clusters of rules, norms and behavior patterns as opposed to researching them as infrastructure objects and nodes of retail networks; - expediency of researches of institutionalization of relations between "actors" that interact with water transport; - representation of the port as a technological and economic point of contacts and contracts; - the need to "measure" the influence of stakeholders on the functioning and performance of the port; - сonsideration of competition of ports from the point of view of construction of target chain systems (supply chains); - taking into account institutional changes in the port industry through the emergence of multinational corporations, multinational global terminal operators; - research of ports as part of the ecological system; - formulation of port administration functions: landlord function, regulator, operator and manager responsible for the entire port cluster; - consideration of ports as market firms, taking into account the inter-functional integration of their business processes in a chain of values.