Suchergebnisse

AIMS: To investigate to what extent the adoption of local smoke-free policies (SFPs) in Indonesia in 2007-2013 was associated with changes in adult smoking behaviour. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study. SETTING: Indonesia, 2007 and 2013. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,052,611 over-25-year-old adults. Data were derived from the 2007 and 2013 Indonesian national health survey. MEASUREMENTS: For both years, provincial and district SFPs were identified from government documents in 497 districts, in 33 provinces. Multilevel logistic regression analysis assessed the association of adoption of provincial and district SFPs between 2007 and 2013 with smoking continuation (among ever-smokers), current smoking, and high smoking intensity (among current smokers). We controlled for survey year, SFP in 2007, socio-demographics, and district characteristics. FINDINGS: Provincial SFP exposure was associated with lower odds of smoking continuation (strong SFP vs. no SFP: OR:0.71, 95%CI:0.66-0.76) and smoking intensity (strong SFP: OR:0.91, 95%CI:0.86-0.97), but also with higher odds of current smoking (strong SFP vs. no SFP: OR:1.08; 95%CI:1.04-1.12). District SFP exposure was associated with higher odds of smoking continuation (strong SFP vs. no SFP: OR:1.07, 95%CI:1.01-1.14) and current smoking (strong SFP vs. no SFP: OR:1.09, 95%CI:1.05-1.14), but with lower odds of smoking intensity (moderately strong SFP vs. no SFP: OR:0.95, 95%CI:0.91-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: There may be an association between the adoption of local smoke-free policies in Indonesia and decreased adult smoking intensity. However, the evidence is inconsistent, which may reflect problems with the policy implementation and enforcement.

Introduction: While evaluations of indoor smoke-free legislation have demonstrated major public health benefits among adults, their impact on the smoking behavior of young people remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the association between smoke-free legislation in hospitality venues and smoking behavior of young people. Aims and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase in June 2020. We searched for studies that assessed the association of any form of smoke-free legislation in any hospitality venue (eg, bar and restaurant) with a smoking behavior outcome (eg, initiation and current smoking) among young people (aged 10–24 years). . Results: Our search yielded 572 articles of which 31 were screened based on full-text and 9 were included in the analysis. All studies were published between 2005 and 2016. The majority of studies used a quasi-experimental design. Four studies evaluated smoke-free legislation in hospitality venues specifically. Two studies reported that comprehensive, but not weaker, smoke-free legislation decreases progression to established smoking. Two other studies provided mixed results on which level of comprehensiveness of legislation would be effective, and which smoking outcomes would be affected. Five studies evaluated legislation that also included other workplaces. Out of these five studies, three studies found significant decreases in current smoking, smoking frequency, and/or smoking quantity, whereas two other studies did not. Conclusions: Most of the studies found that smoke-free legislation in hospitality venues is associated with a decrease in smoking behavior among young people. Their results indicate the need for comprehensive smoke-free legislation without exemptions. Implications: This is the first systematic review to provide insight into the relationship between smoke-free legislation in hospitality venues and smoking behavior of young people. Our findings show that there is a need for comprehensive smoke-free ...

BACKGROUND: Many risk behaviours in adolescence are socially patterned. However, it is unclear to what extent socioeconomic position (SEP) influences adolescent drinking in various parts of Europe. We examined how alcohol consumption is associated with parental SEP and adolescents' own SEP among students aged 14-17 years. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected in the 2013 SILNE study. Participants were 8705 students aged 14-17 years from 6 European cities. The dependent variable was weekly binge drinking. Main independent variables were parental SEP (parental education level and family affluence) and adolescents' own SEP (student weekly income and academic achievement). Multilevel Poisson regression models with robust variance and random intercept were fitted to estimate the association between adolescent drinking and SEP. RESULTS: Prevalence of weekly binge drinking was 4.2% (95%CI = 3.8-4.6). Weekly binge drinking was not associated with parental education or family affluence. However, weekly binge drinking was less prevalent in adolescents with high academic achievement than those with low achievement (PR = 0.34; 95%CI = 0.14-0.87), and more prevalent in adolescents with >€50 weekly income compared to those with ≤€5/week (PR = 3.14; 95%CI = 2.23-4.42). These associations were found to vary according to country, but not according to gender or age group. CONCLUSIONS: Across the six European cities, adolescent drinking was associated with adolescents' own SEP, but not with parental SEP. Socio-economic inequalities in adolescent drinking seem to stem from adolescents' own situation rather than that of their family. ; This study is part of the SILNE-R project, which is supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, under grant agreement 635056; and of the project 'Tackling socio-economic inequalities in smoking (SILNE)', which is funded by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, under the FP7-Health-2011 programme, with grant agreement number 278273. This work was also supported by the Spanish Network on Addictive Disorders [grant number RD12/0028/0018]