Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Editor Biography -- Contributors -- 1 Environmental Paradigm Change and Risk Assessment -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Risk Assessment -- 1.3 Uncertainties That May Hamper the Process of Evaluation of Risk -- 1.4 Historical Perspective and Current Approaches -- 1.4.1 General Outline of Environmental Risk Assessment in the European Union -- 1.4.2 General Outline of Environmental Risk Assessment in United States -- 1.5 Tools Used for Environmental Risk Assessment -- 1.5.1 European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) -- 1.5.2 European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) Targeted Risk Assessment (TRA) -- 1.5.3 EcoFate -- 1.5.4 Exposure Model for Soil-Organic Fate and Transport (EMSOFT) -- 1.6 Future Trends and Challenges -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Environmental and Ecotoxicological Impacts of Engineered Nanomaterials -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Regulation of Nanomaterials Risk Assessment -- 2.3 Toxicity of Nanomaterials -- 2.4 Role of Physicochemical Properties in Nanoparticles Toxicity -- 2.4.1 Shape -- 2.4.2 Size -- 2.4.3 Surface Charge -- 2.4.4 Morphology -- 2.4.5 Degree of Agglomeration -- 2.5 Toxicity Mechanism in Natural Ecosystem Induced By Nanoparticles -- 2.6 Toxicity Mechanism in Plants Induced By Nanoparticles -- 2.6.1 Effect of Nanoparticles On Crop Quality -- 2.7 Mechanism of Plant-Nanoparticles Interaction -- 2.8 Nanoparticles Exposure to Humans via Potential Routes and Toxicity -- 2.8.1 Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) -- 2.8.2 Respiratory Tract -- 2.9 Dermal Penetration -- 2.10 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 3 Toxicology of Metal Ions, Pesticides, Nanomaterials, and Microplastics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Environmental Toxicology -- 3.2 Emerging Environmental Contaminants.

Introduction : framing state level electoral politics -- Punjab politics in comparative perspective -- Politics of colonial Punjab -- Politics of Punjab after partition -- Assembly elections in Punjab, 1997-2017 -- Lok Sabha rlections in Punjab, 1999-2019 -- Conclusion : looking ahead.

Political finance does play a positive role in democratic regimes as it enables parties to strengthen their organizations and also run a dynamic electoral campaign. However, for the well-being of electoral democracies, it is imperative that political party funding/campaign finance is neither illegal nor illicit. Violation of political finance-related regulations erodes the citizens' confidence in the fairness of the electoral system and also weakens trust in political parties. Like other democracies, India also faces the challenge of the infusion of big money, a large component of which remains unaccounted, corroding the fairness of what is otherwise a robust electoral system. The efforts of the Election Commission of India (ECI) to enforce a stringent political finance regime with the help of existing electoral laws, enforcement agencies and judicial intervention have so far met with limited success in checking the illegal and illicit money inflow and large-scale unaccounted expenditure. The task has been difficult due to perceived apathy of political parties, inadequate regulations and enforcement powers with the ECI.

This paper explores the folklore of indentured Indians and endeavors to understand the elements of Indian folk culture in the sugar colonies in the age of the empires. While examining the content and context of the folklore, it finds that the indentured folktales were very much influenced by the Indian socio-cultural life, however, these folktales got transformed and modified due to the contact with host countries' languages, places and space. On the other hand, the content of the indentured folksongs not only depicted the culture and pain of separation from homeland and familial ties, but also became an instrument to resist against the plantation hardship.