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"Due to increasing population, decreased cultivable land, and mounting scarcity of water, it is essential to optimize the use of available resources. Climate change is occurring across the world but its effect may be local or region-specific, including localized watershed management. In order to minimize these effects, governments and environmental agencies encourage the adoption of "climate-smart" agricultural technologies, which involve implementing plans, programs, and projects to sustain and enhance watersheds. Advances in Water Management Under Climate Change examines all of these issues and provides best practices for sustainability"--

Chapter 1: Understanding Drought: definitions, causes, assessments, forecasts, and managementJeongwoo Han and Vijay P. SinghChapter 2: Drought concepts, its characterization and indicatorsLatief Ahmad, Nimra Arain, Aisha Akber, Sameera Qayoom, Owais A. Bhat, Rohitashw Kumar Chapter 3: Spatial Assessment of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought in Northern IndiaDharmendra Singh, Darshana Duhan, Deepak JhajhariaChapter 4: Assessment of meteorological drought characteristics in BrazilRafael Pedrollo de Paes, Veber Afonso Figueiredo CostaChapter 5: Drought in Rio de Janeiro State, Southeast BrazilGivanildo de Gois, Jos©♭ Francisco de Oliveira-J©ðnior, Bruno Serafini SobralChapter 6: The Mexican drought (2011): an insight into the 29-month drought in AguascalientesMiguel Angel Gonz©Łlez-Gonz©Łlez, Osias Ruiz-©¹lvarez, Arturo Corrales-SuasteguiChapter 7: Investigating the relationship between the temporal distribution of precipitation and flow shortness volume over Lake Urmia Basin, IranMohammad Nazeri Tahroudi, Farshad Ahmadi, Yousef Ramezani, Mohsen Pourreza-Bilondi, Rasoul MirabbasiChapter 8: Long-Term Drought Study in Algeria based on Meteorological DataYoucef Himri, S. Rehman, L. M. Alhems, S. Himri, M. Merzouk, N. Kasbadji MerzoukChapter 9: Severe droughts over IndiaMilind Mujumdar, Preethi Bhaskar, Bhupendra Bahadur Singh, Goswami Mangesh, Naresh GaneshiChapter 10: Comparison of Bhalme-Mooley Drought Index with Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index: The Case of Okavango Delta, BotswanaMpaphi Major, B. P. ParidaChapter 11: Analysis of drought using a modified version of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration IndexMohammad Nazeri Tahroudi, Farshad Ahmadi, Yousef Ramezani, Rasoul MirabbasiChapter 12: Evaluation of an Evapotranspiration Deficit-based Drought Index and its Impacts on Carbon Productivity in the Levant and IraqKaram Alsafa, Shuoben Bi, Safwan Mohammed, Ali Mokhtar, Hazem Ghassan Abdo, Hongming HeChapter 13: Analysis of meteorological drought using Joint Deficit Index based on downscaled precipitation dataFarshad Ahmadi, Mohammad Nazeri Tahroudi, Yousef Ramezani, Rasoul MirabbasiChapter 14: Comparability Analyses of three Meteorological Drought Indices in TurkeyBabak Vaheddoost, Mir Jafar Sadegh SafariChapter 15: Trend identification in multi-scalar SPI over Uttarakhand, IndiaAnurag Malik, Anil Kumar, Zaher Mundher YaseenChapter 16: Temporal Trends of Aridity Index under Subtropical Highland Climate in Northeast IndiaPema Tshering Lepcha, Deepak JhajhariaChapter 17: Observed trends in annual aridity index in North-central MexicoOsias Ruiz-©¹lvarez, Arturo Corrales-Suastegui, Ronald Ernesto Ontiveros-Capurata, Reyna Cruz-Cruz, Vijay P. SinghChapter 18: Hydrological Drought Index based on Streamflow RegimeI Wayan YasaChapter 19: Meteorological drought assessment in mountainous regions based on outputs of general circulation modelsMustafa Nuri Balov, Babak Vaheddoost, Mir Jafar Sadegh SafariChapter 20: Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Droughts: Case study Groundwater-dependent Irrigation SystemMorteza Mohsenipour, Shamsuddin Shahid, Tarmizi Ismail, Mohamad Rajab HoumsiChapter 21: Impact of Climate Change on Occurrence and Severity of DroughtR. P. Pandey, R.V. Kale, J.P. Patra, R.V. GalkateChapter 22: Climate Change effect on Crop Water Stress: case study of SyriaMohamad Rajab Houmsi, Shamsuddin Shahid, Morteza MohsenipourChapter 23: Biodiversity and Functions of Alluvial System Facing Severe Droughts Induced by Global ChangeD. Mimoun, S. Gaur, D. Graillot, Mohit Kumar SrivastavaChapter 24: Climate change impacts on meteorological and hydrological droughts and their hazard propagations in ChinaJie Chen, Lei GuChapter 25: Climate Change may raise Physiology Disorders on the Grape (Vitis Vinifera l) and Pecan (Carya Illinoinensis) in the Sonoran Desert, MexicoGerardo Martinez-Diaz, Osias Ruiz-©¹lvarez, Arturo Corrales-SuasteguiChapter 26: Scientific evidence supporting the progression of climate change-induced drought from the historyBiplab Sadhukhan, R. K. Srivastava, Arun Chakraborty, R. K. PandaChapter 27: Climate Change, Drought and Water ResourcesSabah Parvaze, Rohitashw Kumar, Junaid Nazir Khan, Saqib ParvazeChapter 28: Climate Change and Gender Drudgery in Rice Based Mono-cropping System of Meghalaya State in North Eastern Hill Region of India: Impact EvaluationRam Singh, S. M. Feroze

Chapter 1: Spatial and temporal linkages between large⁰́₀scale atmospheric oscillations and hydrologic drought indices in Turkey Fatih Tosunoglu, Ercan Kahya, Mohammad Ali Ghorbani Chapter 2: Spatio-temporal drought analysis Priyank J. Sharma and Ashutosh SharmaChapter 3: Analysis of spatial variability and patterns of drought: A case study for SerbiaMilan Gocic and Mohammad Arab Amiri Chapter 4 - Spatial and temporal trend pattern of drought in Bangladesh in the past four decades Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, Nilufa Yeasmin, Roquia Salam Chapter 5 - Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Meteorological Drought in Tripura, Northeast India Aribam Priya Mahanta Sharma, Deepak Jhajharia, Ghanashyam Singh Yurembam, Shivam Gupta, Ghanshyam T. Patle, T. Loidang ChanuChapter 6 - Drought assessments in the non-stationary domainMd Mamunur RashidChapter 7 - Drought monitoring in Arid and Semiarid environments using Aridity Indices (AI) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)Jimmy Byakatonda, B. P. Parida, D.B. Moalafhi, Piet K. KenabathoChapter 8 - Soil moisture drought estimation using hydrological modelling approach for a river basin of Eastern IndiaShivam Gupta and Deepak JhajhariaChapter 9 - Meteorological Drought Prediction Using Hybrid Machine Learning Models: Ant Lion Optimizer Vs Multi-Verse OptimizerAnurag Malik, Yazid Tikhamarine, Rawshan Ali, Alban Kuriqi, Anil KumarChapter 10 - Uncertainty Analysis of Bivariate Modeling of Hydrological Drought Severity and Duration Using CopulaMansoor Zargar and Majid DehghaniChapter 11 - Copula based Bivariate Frequency analysis of Drought Characteristics over IndiaVivek Gupta, Manoj Kumar Jain, Shivam GuptaChapter 12 - Application of Fuzzy Rule Base Model for Forecasting DroughtA. K. Lohani, R.K. Jaiswal, R.V. GalkateChapter 13 - A copula-based joint deficit index for the analysis of droughts in New ZealandTommaso Caloiero and Rasoul MirabbasiChapter 14 - Comparative copula⁰́₀based multivariate meteorological drought analysis: a case study from Northeast IndiaP. Kanthavel, D. Jhajharia, G. S. Yurembam, R. MirabbasiChapter 15 - Multivariate Assessment of Drought Using Composite Drought IndexRasoul Mirabbasi and Deepak JhajhariaChapter 16 ⁰́₃ A multi-model ensemble based drought characterization over India for 21st centuryVivek Gupta and Manoj Kumar JainChapter 17 - Drought Characteristics and Forecasting Under Climate Change Conditions: a case study of IndonesiaWanny K. Adidarma and Flavia D. FrederickChapter 18 - Stochastic Modelling of Water Deficit over Different Agro-climatic Zones of KarnatakaGVS Reddy, Sita Ram Bhakar, and Rohitashw KumarChapter 19 - The tree-ring-based drought and flood analyses from the Himalayan region: Limitations, Challenges, and Future PerspectivesMayank Shekhar, Ayushi Singh, Bency David, Nidhi Tomar, Ipsita Roy, Parminder S. Ranhotra, A. BhattacharyyaChapter 20 - Remote sensing capabilities for observational drought assessmeKhodayar Abdollahi and Zahra EslamiChapter 21 - Four decades of satellite data for agricultural drought monitoring throughout the growing season in Central ChileFrancisco Zambrano BigiariniChapter 22 - Application of multi-source data for drought monitoring and assessment over the Yellow River Basin, ChinaYi Liu, Shanhu Jiang, and Liliang RenChapter 23 - Analysis of Agricultural Drought in Southwest Iran using Remote Sensing indicesMahshid Karimi, Kaka Shahedi, Tayeb Raziei, Mirhassan Miryaghoubzadeh, Ehsan MoradiChapter 24 - Soil Moisture-Vegetation Stress-based Agricultural Drought Index Integrating Remote Sensing Derived Soil Moisture and Vegetation IndicesGurjeet Singh and Deepak Singh BishtChapter 25 - Application of drought monitoring tools for wildfire hazard assessment in forests of IndiaN. KodandapaniChapter 26 - Hydrological Drought Impacts on River Water Quality of Peninsular River System, Tunga-Bhadra River, IndiaM. Rajesh, G. Krishna Mohan, Veerannapet Santhosh Vishal, S. RehanaChapter 27 - Integrated Drought Management: Moving from Managing Disasters to Managing RiskDonald A. WilhiteChapter 28 - Is India Ready to Account for Ecological Droughts?Diptimayee NayakChapter 29 - Water TransferSaeid Eslamian and Saida ParviziChapter 30 - A Compact Policy to Combat Water ScarcityChandrashekhar BhuiyanChapter 31 - Water Pricing focusing Drought ConditionsSaeid Eslamian and Mousa MalekiChapter 32 ⁰́₃ Incorporating ecosystem services into drought planning: Lessons from two place-based applications from the US WestNejem Raheem and Deborah J. BathkeChapter 33 - Drought tolerance agronomic management strategies for rainfed and irrigated maize crop in Eastern IndiaR. K. Srivastava, R. K. Panda, Arun Chakraborty, Swayam Prava SinghChapter 34 - Life despite drought in the Brazilian semiarid Juliana Espada Lichston, Rebecca Luna Lucena, Virg©Ưnia Maria Cavalari Henriques, Raimunda Adlany Dias da Silva, and Magda Maria Guilhermino Chapter 35 - Gender Responsive Solutions for Managing Drought in the Hindu Kush Himalaya Karishma Khadka, Subha Khanal, Madhav Dhakal, Sanjeev Bhuchar, Nand Kishor Agrawal Chapter 36 - Conventional and Advanced Irrigation Scheduling Techniques to mitigate drought Navsal Kumar, Arunava Poddar, Rohitashw Kumar, Vijay Shankar Chapter 37 - Water Resources, Uses and its Integrated Management in the United Arab Emirates Ahmed Sefelnasr, Abdel Azim Ebraheem, Mohsen Sherif, Mohamed Al Mulla Chapter 38 - Droughts, distress, impact, and mitigation: case study of Jammu and Kashmir F. A. Shaheen Chapter 39 - Different in-situ moisture conservation options in rainfed agro-ecologies of Odisha S. K. Behera and D. K. Bastia

AbstractCoronavirus refers to a group of widespread viruses. The name refers to the specific morphology of these viruses because their spikes look like a crown under an electron microscope. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has been reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, was proclaimed an international public health emergency (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020, and on 11 March 2020, it was declared as a pandemic (World Health Organization 2020). The official name of the virus was declared by the WHO as "COVID-19 virus", formerly known as "2019-nCoV", or "Wuhan Coronavirus". The International Committee on Virus Taxonomy's Coronavirus Research Group has identified that this virus is a form of coronavirus that caused a severe outbreak of acute respiratory syndrome in 2002–2003 (SARS). As a result, the latest severe acute respiratory syndrome has been classified as a corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen by this committee. This disease spread quickly across the country and the world within the first 3 months of the outbreak and became a global pandemic. To stop COVID-19 from spreading, the governing agencies used various chemicals to disinfect different commercial spaces, streets and highways. However, people used it aggressively because of panic conditions, anxiety and unconsciousness, which can have a detrimental impact on human health and the environment. Our water bodies, soil and air have been polluted by disinfectants, forming secondary products that can be poisonous and mutagenic. In the prevention and spread of COVID-19, disinfection is crucial, but disinfection should be carried out with sufficient precautions to minimize exposure to harmful by-products. In addition, to prevent inhalation, adequate personal protective equipment should be worn and chemical usage, concentrations, ventilation in the room and application techniques should be carefully considered. In the USA, 60% of respondents said they cleaned or disinfected their homes more often than they had in the previous months. In addition to the robust use of disinfection approaches to combat COVID-19, we will explore safe preventative solutions here.