Aussitôt paru dans "Le Débat", en novembre 1983, cet article, traduit dans toutes les langues européennes, a sonné comme un plaidoyer et une accusation. Plaidoyer pour la défense de l'Europe centrale (Hongrie, Pologne, Tchécoslovaquie), qui par sa tradition culturelle appartient tout entière et depuis toujours à l'Occident, mais que celui-ci ne voit plus qu'à travers son régime politique, ce qui n'en fait qu'une partie du bloc de l'Est. Une culture qui n'est pas l'apanage d'une élite, mais la valeur vivante autour de laquelle se regroupe le peuple. Une accusation, car la tragédie de ce foyer des "petites nations", qui se savent périssables, est en fait celle de l'Europe elle-même qui ne veut pas le voir et ne s'est même pas aperçue de leur disparition. N'est-ce pas là un des signes de sa propre disparition? La valeur du texte ne vient pas seulement de son habileté démonstrative, mais de la voix si personnelle, véhémente, angoissée de l'auteur, Milan Kundera, qui apparaît alors comme un des plus grands écrivains européens. Le voilà remis à la disposition du lecteur d'aujourd'hui, présenté par Pierre Nora, et précédé d'un texte inconnu du public français, le discours du jeune Kundera au Congrès des écrivains tchécoslovaques de 1967, en plein Printemps de Prague, présenté par Jacques Rupnik
Novelist, playwright and short story writer Milan Kundera is one of the many Czech authors who, though they represent the best in their country's contemporary literature, cannot publish their work in Prague. Acclaimed in France, where in 1973 he won a major literary prize for his last but one novel, and published in English, German, Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, Hebrew, Japanese and many other languages, he remains one of the 400 or more writers who are 'on the index' in post-invasion, 'normalised' Czechoslovakia. Born in Brno forty-eight years ago, Kundera was until 1969 a professor at the Prague Film Faculty, his students including all the young film makers who were to bring fame to the Czechoslovak cinema in the sixties with such movies as The Firemen's Ball, A Blonde in Love and Closely Observed Trains. In 1960 he published a highly influential essay, 'The Art of the Novel'. Two years later the National Theatre put on his first play, The Owners of the Keys. Produced by Otomar Kreja, the play was an immediate success and was awarded the State Prize in 1963. His first novel, The Joke, came out in 1967, being reprinted twice in a matter of months and reaching a total of 116,000 copies. This book, whose appearance was delayed by a long, determined struggle with the censor, opened the way to publication abroad, where Aragon called it one of the greatest novels of the century. After the Soviet invasion Kundera was forced to leave the faculty, his work was no longer published in Czechoslovakia, all his books being removed from the public libraries. Since then, his works have only come out in translation. Life Is Elsewhere ( see Index 4/1974, pp.53–62) first appeared in Paris in 1973, where it won the Prix Medicis for the best foreign novel of the year. The French version of his latest novel, The Farewell Party, was published last year. In 1975 Kundera was offered a professorship by the University of Rennes and obtained permission from the Czechoslovak authorities to go to France, which is now his second home. All his prose works now exist in English translation. (For an appraisal of his work, see Robert C. Porter's article in Index 4/1975, pp.41–6). Unfortunately, The Joke - published by Macdonald in London and Coward McCann in New York in 1969 - was drastically cut without the author's consent, forcing Kundera to write an indignant letter to the Times Literary Supplement, disclaiming all responsibility - an interesting case of a non-political, commercial censorship. The irony of the situation was certainly not lost on the author, who is a master of the genre. His collection of short stories, Laughable Loves ( with a foreword by Philip Roth) and his other two novels have since been published by Knopf, and The Farewell Party has just been brought out by John Murray in London. This selection of Kundera's stimulating and often provocative views on such topics as the writer in exile, committed literature, the death of the novel, the nature of comedy, and so on, has been compiled by George Theiner.
Angesichts von Krieg und politischen Zerwürfnissen in Europa sind Milan Kunderas Analysen zur Rolle Mitteleuropas im Spannungsfeld zwischen Zugehörigkeit zum Westen und der Bedrohung durch Russland brandaktuell. Gerade in den mitteleuropäischen Ländern, wo die eigene Sprache, Kultur und nationale Identität dauerhaft bedroht sei, argumentierte Kundera bereits 1983, stehe die westliche Demokratie auf dem Prüfstand. Dort befinde sich die Keimzelle europäischer Werte und möglicherweise der Blitzableiter für die Gefahren, denen sie ausgesetzt sind. In deutlichen Worten prangert Milan Kundera die Vernachlässigung, ja den Ausschluss der Länder im Zentrum Europas an, ihre Unterdrückung durch Russland und die Ignoranz, die der Westen ihnen entgegenbringt. Sein Plädoyer für eine Kehrtwende ist heute wichtiger denn je. Jahrzehnte nach dem Zerfall der Sowjetunion zeigen die Schützengräben auf ukrainischem Boden die Kluft zwischen Europa und Russland auf fürchterliche Weise auf. Ein Abgrund, der nicht nur Mitteleuropa bedroht, sondern unseren ganzen Kontinent.
