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This article describes the main correlations that were obtained between music preferences and personal values. It has been discovered that personal values play a significant role in people's music preferences and they are at the forefront in proposing a map that links personal values to music preferences. According to the results, music preferences can be defined by personal values since people tend to listen to a specific type of music if corresponding values are projected such as conservatism and openness. In this case, music is broken into four preference dimensions which include reflective and complex for folk, jazz, and classical, rebellious and intense comprising of punk, rock, and alternate, conventional and upbeat comprising of pop, country, and soundtracks, and lastly rhythmic and energetic including funk, electronica, hip-hop, and soul. Besides, preferences may be defined by socio-demographic characteristics such as age and gender such that the young people tend to prefer music because of what the other peers listen to and enjoy music in social places such as bars, restaurants, and music festivals, middle-aged people listen to the music of their preferences and at the time of their choosing at homes or while carrying out activities, the aged tend to have less music preference but some cannot do anything without listening to music and therefore have to keep their preference music always. Males tend to focus on certain genres of music such as heavy metal and rock which are associated with cognitive listening and demonstrates a negatively conservative nature of music while females prefer listening to pop music more than males. This article discloses the main results that were obtained in the empirical study of different articles concerning the topic of the relationship between personal values and music preferences. No such research was conducted on Ukrainian-speaking samples before.

The study investigates features of complex sound's pitch and tempo perception depending on instructional set presence via the Likert scale and WAM test (wellbeing, activity, mood). Influence of objective complex sound characteristics (pitch and tempo) on a subjective evaluation of a music fragment, as well as the influence of instructional set (prior informing of a participant about objective differences between music fragments) on a subjective evaluation of a music fragment, were explored. The study looks at how people of different genders, whether they know how to play an instrument or have had musical education, perceive music. It was discovered that high pitch music was embraced as more fun, bright, light, and indecisive. Music with a higher tempo was also perceived as carefree, which is subjectively evaluated as less heavy and more fun. People with musical education background notice more differences between fragments with various pitches and tempos, specifically, they are capable of differentiating pitch and tempo changes better. In general, the study has shown that it is possible to manipulate objective characteristics of a complex sound in order to create widely acceptable subjective and psychological interpretation.

This article presents the results of the research of specificity of psychophysiological reactions and changes in the cognitive processes as a result of using ephemeral oils by means of a classical experimental study with the use of a polygraph. Theoretical analysis of scientific publications of recent years on this topic was carried out. The scientific novelty of the research consists in specifying the effects of different types of ephemeral oils, determined by their complex influence – activity or quiescence. The effect of stimulating and sedative essential oils on the processing of cognitive processes and changes in the human body, as well as the effect on these characteristics of the subjective perception of the fragrance. As a result, significant differences in the speed of cognitive processes depending on the type of ether oils and associated psychophysiological reactions were revealed. Specifically, the activation of the nervous system in the inhalation of stimulating oils with a decrease in the speed of thought processes and a decrease in concentration, and the opposite effect in the action of sedative oils.

During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. conservative politicians and the media downplayed the risk of both contracting COVID-19 and the effectiveness of recommended health behaviors. Health behavior theories suggest perceived vulnerability to a health threat and perceived effectiveness of recommended health-protective behaviors determine motivation to follow recommendations. Accordingly, we predicted that-as a result of politicization of the pandemic-politically conservative Americans would be less likely to enact recommended health-protective behaviors. In two longitudinal studies of U.S. residents, political conservatism was inversely associated with perceived health risk and adoption of health-protective behaviors over time. The effects of political orientation on health-protective behaviors were mediated by perceived risk of infection, perceived severity of infection, and perceived effectiveness of the health-protective behaviors. In a global cross-national analysis, effects were stronger in the U.S. (N = 10,923) than in an international sample (total N = 51,986), highlighting the increased and overt politicization of health behaviors in the U.S.

Background. The effective implementation of government policies and measures for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires compliance from the public. This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of trust ingovernment regarding COVID-19 control with the adoption of recommended health behaviours and prosocial behaviours, and potential determinants of trust in government duringthe pandemic.Methods. This study analysed data from the PsyCorona Survey, an international project onCOVID-19 that included 23 733 participants from 23 countries (representative in age andgender distributions by country) at baseline survey and 7785 participants who also completedfollow-up surveys. Specification curve analysis was used to examine concurrent associationsbetween trust in government and self-reported behaviours. We further used structural equation model to explore potential determinants of trust in government. Multilevel linear regressions were used to examine associations between baseline trust and longitudinal behavioural changes.Results. Higher trust in government regarding COVID-19 control was significantly associatedwith higher adoption of health behaviours (handwashing, avoiding crowded space, self-quarantine) and prosocial behaviours in specification curve analyses (median standardised β =0.173 and 0.229, p < 0.001). Government perceived as well organised, disseminating clear messages and knowledge on COVID-19, and perceived fairness were positively associated withtrust in government (standardised β = 0.358, 0.230, 0.056, and 0.249, p < 0.01). Higher trustat baseline survey was significantly associated with lower rate of decline in health behavioursover time ( p for interaction = 0.001).Conclusions. These results highlighted the importance of trust in government in the control of Covid-19.

The present paper examines longitudinally how subjective perceptions about COVID-19, one's community, and the government predict adherence to public health measures to reduce the spread of the virus. Using an international survey (N = 3040), we test how infection risk perception, trust in the governmental response and communications about COVID-19, conspiracy beliefs, social norms on distancing, tightness of culture, and community punishment predict various containment-related attitudes and behavior. Autoregressive analyses indicate that, at the personal level, personal hygiene behavior was predicted by personal infection risk perception. At social level, social distancing behaviors such as abstaining from face-to-face contact were predicted by perceived social norms. Support for behavioral mandates was predicted by confidence in the government and cultural tightness, whereas support for anti-lockdown protests was predicted by (lower) perceived clarity of communication about the virus. Results are discussed in light of policy implications and creating effective interventions.