Suchergebnisse

Purpose
In spite of the recognised significance of habitual entrepreneurship, enough is not known about the drivers that lead individuals to become habitual entrepreneurs. Drawing from Lazear's theory of entrepreneurship, this paper addresses the specifics of habitual entrepreneurs in terms of different human capital-related factors, including breadth and diversity of experience and education. This paper aims to elucidate what makes some people habitual entrepreneurs.


Design/methodology/approach
In this empirical study on a broad data set (1,538 surveys), the authors juxtapose habitual entrepreneurs with ex-entrepreneurs who decided to give up and chose a salary job after running their first and only firm. The authors formulate four hypotheses that are tested by using a logit regression to model the probability of being a habitual entrepreneur vs giving up entrepreneurship and choosing a salary job.


Findings
The probability of being a habitual entrepreneur increases with the diversity of both managerial and professional experience, as well as with the breadth of education. In addition, entrepreneurial self-efficacy supports setting up more than one firm.


Practical implications
The findings actualise knowledge of whether habitual entrepreneurs are unique concerning their pools of human capital. They broaden the knowledge of the backgrounds of the decision to start up a business again.


Originality/value
This paper contributes to the current entrepreneurship discussion by offering an enhanced understanding of habitual entrepreneurship. The phenomenon of repeatedly engaging in entrepreneurship is a promising source of knowledge that enables us to better understand entrepreneurship. In addition, the authors verify and extend Lazear's theory to a new group of entrepreneurs.

In this article, we apply a proportional hazard model to analyze the determinants of success in a large sample of 1,656 entrepreneurs and former entrepreneurs. We base our research on the theory of entrepreneurship by Edward Lazear, according to which individuals with broad educational and professional experience, in comparison to specialists, are more likely to become entrepreneurs. We extend this theory by verifying whether breadth of education and professional career also contribute to the likelihood of entrepreneurial success. According to our findings, breadth of education not only influences the propensity to start a business but also positively influences the chances of business survival. The breadth of professional experience proved to have a significant impact on business survival, but this result did not hold for extensive managerial experience. JEL CLASSIFICATION: L26, J24.

To investigate the boundaries between the different phases of opportunity processes, we adopted an empirical phenomenology and used documentary videography with an editing method as well as a critical incidents and events technique. The analysis of cases led to three kinds of opportunity process approaches. Each had a different rationale for the actions taken and set of moderators, which are represented by the different interplay of phases. The interplay between alertness, insights and creativity was characteristic to all of the approaches, although each of these concepts present different form in the identified three approaches.

In this paper we investigate the dynamics of the transformative capacity of entrepreneurship education by studying the interplay between structure (society and the education system) and agency (individuals — students) that takes place in two different cultural settings: Finland and Egypt. By adopting the morphogenetic theory and by combining the etic-emic approach we compare society and the education system in these countries, and analyse Finnish and Egyptian students' views on entrepreneurship. The results indicate that structural conditioning is strong in both societies and students' views tend to follow the national policy rather than show any tendency to transform it. Thus the national policy may be an efficient tool with which to advance entrepreneurship education. The findings lead to the anticipation that while in Egypt entrepreneurship education offers opportunities for morphogenesis within and by crossing the borders of the social classes, in Finland morphostasis is more likely to take place in the future.

This conceptual and exploratory article aims to present a rationale for the engagement of citizens with the process and practice of, and research on new civic forms of entrepreneurship. We argue that this form of citizen engagement could enable a better alignment of entrepreneurial initiatives with economic, social and community priorities, and to address issues of global significance of local interest in uncertain environments. To this end, we posit that engaging citizens in the entrepreneurial process could facilitate agency at the collective level of people with their rights, duties and responsibilities, to identify, participate in and govern with existing institutions, in meaningful economic and social activity in defined spatial environments. Our normative understanding of entrepreneurial process involves the creation of business, social and public enterprises, the formation of which is led by entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are of course citizens of specific nation states, but their endeavours do not necessarily warrant the participation of the wider community of citizens in the entrepreneurial process beyond their receiving function as users of goods and services. We consider whether pro-active engagement in a variety of ways, as nurtured in the practice of Citizen Science or Citizen Economics projects, could strengthen the profile and substance of entrepreneurship to resolve critical economic, social and environmental concerns of our times. We use the concept of the 'commons' and collective efficacy to argue for an understanding of entrepreneurship and innovation as a social good. We argue that Citizen Entrepreneurship (CE) is able to create new forms of collective organisation and governance, and derive economic and social value by addressing local issues arising from wide-spread phenomena such as climate change, ecological and environmental challenges, inequality, social polarisation, populism, migration and the gradual erosion of democratic institutions. To do so, citizens need to develop capabilities for engagement in the entrepreneurship process, especially when traditional public and market institutions fail to satisfy their existential needs. Indeed, active engagement could lead to the achievement of capabilities for well-being and fulfilling lives which go beyond the acquisition of skills and competencies necessary to pursue a vocation or a career. We refer to and interpret three examples of collective entrepreneurial activity in different urban environments in European countries as models of CE highlighting what we see as a growing trend in the entrepreneurial substance of the 'urban commons'. We work towards the creation of a conceptual model with which to develop an understanding of a unique formulation of entrepreneurship.