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Summary
This article focuses on a rather neglected aspect of diplomacy, located at the intersection of practices, rituals and performances: state funeral ceremonies. Shifting the emphasis onto the dimension of international attendance, considering international representatives and their hierarchical positions at these state funerals, the article aims to present a novel means to analyse states' international standing, offering a new contextualisation next to the prevailing approaches that have underlined the numbers of embassies, international memberships or bilateral treaties in defining these points. I first discuss the role of state funerals in international politics, pointing to their quasi-absence from the literature. After offering a theoretical framework with relevant recent contributions on practices, rituals and performances, and underlining state funerals' role for and within the international society, I present four exploratory case studies that pinpoint varying aspects of state funerals: those for Nelson Mandela, Helmut Kohl, Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat.

This article aims to present a history of International Relations (IR) that looks at the role of three big American foundations (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Rockefeller, and Ford foundations) in the development of IR as an academic field in continental Europe. Its framework goes beyond the usual disciplinary history narratives that focus on IR's US or UK trajectories, pointing instead to American foundations' interwar and early post–World War II influence on French and German IR. The cases emphasize US foundations' interactions with European scholars and international scholarly organizations as major factors shaping IR's developmental pathways. This study offers a way to consider foundations' role in IR's gradual academic institutionalization by connecting disciplinary historical approaches to disciplinary sociology. Its sociologically conscious position underlines the significance of American philanthropies in a historical narrative and recognizes the relevance of transnational dynamics by going beyond usual emphases on ideas and national contexts.

AbstractThe role of Eurocentrism in International Relations (IR) has become a focal point for critical scholarship. However, anti-Eurocentric scholars tend to overlook the extent to which Eurocentrism is a tempo-spatial phenomenon whose roots and development need to be analysed in a way that takes its internal differences into account. This article rejects a single notion of Eurocentrism, proposing instead to understand Eurocentrism through its three forms: historical-contextual, ideological, and residual. This differentiation can provide a means for dealing with the challenges of Eurocentrism in a more self-reflexive manner without seeing it as omnipresent and unchanging. It also offers to approach Eurocentric IR from a perspective that considers the role of historiographical differences in understanding the rise of European powers. This means that IR cannot base its explanatory frameworks on a single (the) historical record. Understanding the limits of Eurocentrism and of anti-Eurocentrism provides a better means for dealing with the former's problematic impact on IR scholarship.

Chapter 1. Introduction: Transcending the State: A Transnational Account of Turkish Foreign Policy -- Part I. Ideas on Turkish Transnationalism: Theory, Practice, and Intellectual Currents -- Chapter 2. Transnationalized Accounts of Turkish Foreign Policy -- Chapter 3. Transnationality, Foreign Policy Research and the Cosmopolitan Alternative: On the practice of Domestic Global Politics -- Chapter 4. Imperial Transnationalism: Turkish Middle East-Oriented Foreign Policy Expert Apparatus (1998-2011) -- Part II. Transnationalism in Turkish Diplomacy: A Historical Account -- Chapter 5. Transnational Issues, Non-Governmental Organizations and the Genesis of Modern Turkish Diplomacy -- Chapter 6. The Sanjak of Alexandretta (Hatay) in Turkish Foreign Policy: A Case of "Accidental Diaspora" and Kin-State Politics -- Part III. Asset or Liability? Diasporas and Transnational Communities in Turkish Foreign Policy -- Chapter 7. Turkey and Syrian Turkmens in the "New Middle East Cold War": A Critical View from the Kin-State -- Chapter 8. Constructing Liberal Subjects? Turkey's New Diaspora Strategy -- Chapter 9. Jews from Turkey in Israel and Cultural Diplomacy (1996-2006) -- Part IV. NGOs as Transnational Actors in the Formation and Implementation of Turkish Foreign Policy -- Chapter 10. "Humanitarianism" Transformed? Analyzing the Role of Transnational Humanitarian NGOs in Turkish Foreign Policy towards the Middle East in the 2000s -- Chapter 11. Business Actors as Holders of Transnational Relations: What role for them in Turkish Foreign Policy? -- Chapter 12. Conclusion.