Suchergebnisse

Since in the mid of 1970 climate change occurred causing 150,000 deaths and 5 million life disabilities every year in developing countries. ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection) is one of the most common diseases in Indonesia and contributing to baby and infant mortality. Pneumonia is one of transmitted disease cause the 2nd death in infant after diarrhea in Indonesia. ARI in Central Jakarta in 2009 recorded 1,213 people. August 2011 ARI cases was 16,750 and 248,168 in North Jakarta, West Jakarta, respectively. The aim of this research was to get a model of climate change and pneumonia in Jakarta. It was an observational research with ecological design. Data obtained from Ministry of Health and Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics in Jakarta from 1990 to 2010. Variables were temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and pneumonia. The results of multiple linear regression analysis known that one variable significantly associated with the incidence of pneumonia in Jakarta were the wind speed. Based on the p value = 0.007. The increase in wind speed of 1 knot can lead to an increase in 2142 of pneumonia 40.6 % of the variation of wind speed can explain the incidence of pneumonia. It is needed to build cooperation with other sector programs with relevant agencies such as Local Government, Department of Education, community organizations, community leaders and community participation for the anticipated increase in the incidence of pneumonia.

Background: Surabaya is one of the pioneers of the enactment of Smoke Free Area regulation. Regulations about Smoke Free Area ( SFA) and Smoke- Restricted Area (SRA) have validated at 2008 but started to be implemented in 2009. The aim of this study is to describe compliance of the implementation of that regulations from 2012until2014. Methods: This was a descriptive study with time series method. It saw how the implementation regulation based on the two surveys have done. The first survey conducted in 2012 with a sample size of 154 and the second survey conducted in 2014 by the number 300. The Survey samples were Categorized as Smoke Restricted Areas is a public place and Smoking Free Areas is health facilities. Cluster random sampling was used based on different areas of Surabaya (East, West, Center, North, and South). Data collection was done by an observation check list. The variable Consist of people are still found to be smoking inside the building, there are smoking room, Ashtray, cigarettes butts and cigarette sellers were found in the Smoke - Free Area. Results: The study founded that some indicators had improved in terms of the implementation of compliance regulations. But they also found an increase in violations in several indicators. Improved Implementation obtained on the indicators found room smoking increased (5.8% to 24%), showed signs ofbanned smoking (31.2% to 53%). Increasing the number of violations found in some indicator consist of founded people smoke (2 5.3 % to 41.3 % ), There was a smell of cigarette smoke (25.3% to 34.3%), found ashtrays and lighters (27.3% to 53.3 %), found cigarette butts (29.2% to 59%), there were indications of cooperation with the tobacco industry (22.1 % to 44.7%). Conclusions: The duration of the implementation of the regulations do not affect the compliance of the implementation of the regulation. The need for reinforcement in order to strengthen the implementation of regulations SFA in Surabaya.