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Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski and his political camp towards Greek Catholics

The article aims to describe the actions of Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski and his friends of the same political group directed towards Greek Catholics. Prince Adam Jerzy, firstly religiously indifferent, came into contact with Uniates' problems at the beginning of the 19th century, as a curator of Vilnius Scientific Society. In that period he was a protector of Uniate Bazylian Convent. As a representative of authorities of the Kingdom of Poland he aimed to engage Uniates in development of people's education. New opening for Czartoryski's activities started with the Great Emigration after the failure of the November Uprising. As a leader of Hotel Lambert Prince Czartoryski observed with a great worry the liquidation of the Church Union in Russian partition. Several times he intervened by Pope Gregory XVI in favour of the persecuted people of Uniate Church. Apostolic Capital was then receiving journals, letters, and other proofs for Russian repressions. In 40s and 50s of the 19th century Czartoryski's agents were involved in issues of Uniates living in Russian and Austrian partitions. Some examples of these actions were: giving the Roman Catholic Church Madonna del Pascola to Bazylian Convent, opening of Uniate Collegium and placing Galician clerics in Apostolic Capital. Moreover, initiatives for Greek Catholics among Polish immigrants were supported and also the foundation of the Greek Catholic Church in Bulgaria was backed up.

Artykuł ukazuje problematykę związaną z przygotowaniem zawodowym, edukacją pozaszkolną oraz praktyką w przedsiębiorstwach francuskich uczestników Wielkiej Emigracji we Francji. Opisano kursy wojskowe, naukę języka francuskiego oraz praktykę w zakładach zbrojeniowych i rzemieślniczych. W artykule podjęto analizę indywidualnych przypadków byłych żołnierzy, podoficerów i oficerów powstańczych. Na podstawie kwerendy źródłowej stwierdzono, że wybierano profesje, które dawały nadzieję długoletniego zatrudnienia, jak zegarmistrzostwo, szewstwo, krawiectwo, farbiarstwo, cukrownictwo, drukarstwo i zecerstwo.

Artykuł prezentuje działalność księgarską i wydawniczą Karola Królikowskiego, jednego z działaczy i wychodźców polskich po powstaniu listopadowym we Francji. Emigrant ten prowadził w Paryżu w latach 1844–1871 Księgarnię Katolicką, przemianowaną później na Księgarnię Polską. Artykuł powstał na podstawie korespondencji Karola Królikowskiego, znajdującej się w polskich i zagranicznych bibliotekach i archiwach. Ponadto wykorzystano prasę emigracyjną, katalogi księgarskie oraz opracowania naukowe. Z naszych dociekań wynika, że sortyment księgarski, początkowo skromny, z czasem wzrósł do kilkuset tytułów książkowych, prasowych i publicystycznych. Oferta księgarska stale była poszerzana, o czym decydowały intensywne kontakty z księgarzami z Poznania, Krakowa oraz Paryża, Berlina, Wrocławia, Lipska. Królikowski wydawał literaturę religijną, dzieła poetów emigracyjnych (Adama Mickiewicza, Zygmunta Krasińskiego i innych) oraz publicystykę polityczną. Trudno oszacować liczbę książek wydanych nakładem Księgarni Polskiej, prawdopodobnie przekroczyła ona 100 tytułów. Instytucja ta była miejscem, gdzie gromadzili się emigranci we francuskiej stolicy.


Karol Królikowski (1806–1871) – Parisian bookseller and publisher of Great Emigration

Purpose: This article aims to present a publishing and bookselling work of Karol Królikowski, one of the polish refugees who came to France after November Uprising. This immigrant was running a Catholic Book Shop in Paris in 1844–1871. The Catholic Book Shop was then called Polish Book Shop.
Design/methodology/approach: The article was written based on the Karol Królikowski correspondence, which was found at foreign libraries and archives. Some more information was also retrieved from refugee's press, book shops' catalogues and academic paper.
Findings: Our research discovered that the book selling offer of Królikowski's book shop, which was initially small, grown into hundreds of book titles, press and journalistic work. The offer was constantly growing because of close contacts with booksellers from Poznań, Krakow, Paris, Berlin, Wrocław, Lipsk. Królikowki published religious literature and work of polish immigrant poets (Adam Mickiewicz, Zygmunt Krasiński and others) and political journalism. It is difficult to work out the exact number of books published at Polish Bookshop but it is very likely that it was more than 100 titles. This institution was a meeting place for Polish immigrants at French capital.

Refugee depots for Polish emigrants in Châteauroux and Indre department in the years 1831–1833 In the article the author presents the setting up and operation of refugee depots (Fr. dépôts) in the Indre department for Polish emigrants who arrived in France after the fall of the November Uprising. The refugee depot in Châteauroux was one of the several depots founded by the French government. It was intended for civil exiles. The other camps for military refugees were set up in Avignon, Lunel, Besançon, Bourges, Lons-le-Saunier, Salins and Dijon. From the beginning of August 1832 till August 1833, the French authorities directed civilians to cities of Indre: Châteauroux – the capital of the department, as well as Issoudun, Levroux, La Chatre, Argenton, Buzançais, Chatillon, Saint Benoit, and La Blanc. The author establishes that in that period of time, 634 Polish refugees went through the camps of the Indre department. Most of them were students (from the Vilnius University), young officials and members of free professions. They came from the pre-partition areas of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Lithuania, Volhynia and Podolia). Despite the restrictive policy of the administration and the fact that they stayed in the French province, the Poles engaged in the social and political life of emigration. They participated actively in democratic and educational organizations of the Great Emigration. In many cases, by their own determination, they went to study and obtained aducation at French universities and technical universities. The article is based on sources from the Indre Department Archives in Châteauroux, archives of the Defense Historical Service in Vincennes, the National Archives in Paris, the Polish Library in Paris, the Princes Czartoryski Library in Krakow, and academic studies.