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The paper deals with the correspondence between F. K. Volkov (1847—1918) and A. M. Tallgren (1885—1945) that consisted of eleven letters and occurred in 1916—1917 (from 6.09.1916 to 7.07.1917). For Volkov, one of the founders of the Paleolithic school in Russian archeology whose name is associated with the discovery of the Mezin Palaeolithic site, it was the final stage of the St. Petersburg period of his life and career. For the Finnish archaeologist, these years were marked by the search for his path in archeology. The two scholars never met in person. The correspondence focuces on Tallgren's article "From the prehistory of the habitat of the Finnish tribe". In addition, it touches upon many other topics such as exchange of literature, impressions of books and articles read, the translation of Tallgren's article for the Yearbook of the Russian Anthropological Society, etc. The correspondence is notable for the expression of the scientists' civic position and their attitudes to the turbulent revolutionary events of 1917. The outbreak of the civil war in Russia and Finland, the severance of postal relations between the two countries, and finally Volkov's sudden death on the way to Kiev from hungry and cold Petrograd in June 1918 put an end to the dialogue.

This paper is devoted to the publication and analysis of the letters written by I. V. Fabritius to A. M. Tallgren in the period from November 1926 till June 1932, most frequently in 1928. Some key topics of their correspondence: the Bronze Age collection of the Kherson Museum, V. I. Goshkevich's scientific heritage, book exchange, I. V. Fabritius's publications in the journal "Eurasia Septentrionalis Antiqua", excavations and exploration of archaeological sites in the lower reaches of the Dnieper, some hints on personal matters, household details, etc. Their letters reflect Fabritius's experiences and psychology in different periods of her life. In the last and tragic letter from Leningrad, she says goodbye to her past life in archaeology and to Tallgren. The letters are supplied with comments and notes. Their text is reproduced from the originals stored in the Manuscript Department of the National Library of Finland.

The authors publish four letters by A. V. Dobrovolsky to the Finnish archaeologist A. M. Tallgren, written in the spring of 1926, and two letters to V. A. Gorodtsov, written in 1916 and 1926. In those years, the young scientist was only looking for his way in archaeology, while the receivers of this letters already had great authority in Europe. The letters to Tallgren are related to the preparation of his monograph "La Pontide préscythique après l'introduction des métaux". At that time, Dobrovolsky worked at the Kherson Museum of Antiquities and, on behalf of V. I. Goshkevych, sent the list of hoards of bronze objects and stone molds, as well as several photographs. He also shares his observations and thoughts on the periodization and chronology of settlements and burials of the Bronze Age on the steppe Right Bank of the Dnieper. The article analyzes the communications of the Kherson Museum with European researchers and institutions. Dobrovolsky's further life path is traced, his participation in the Rescue Expedition due to construction of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Plant (1927—1932) and his scientific activity at the Institute of Archeology (1944—1956) are covered. The researcher studied sites spanning across a wide chronological range, paying special attention to the Neolithic and Late Bronze Age in Ukraine. His field research was meticulous, and the results of fifty years of excavations led to the identification of several archaeological cultures.

The epistolary heritage of the Ukrainian historian and archaeologist Nikolai Emelyanovich Makarenko (1877—1938) is rich. His letters can be found across numerous archival collections. Relatively recently, Makarenko's letters to the largest European archaeologists of the 20 th century Arne Mikael Tallgren (1885—1945) and Ellis Howell Minns (1873—1953) were published (Kuzminykh, Usachuk 2016; 2017). This article publishes his letters to one of the founders of the Russian archeology Vasily Alekseevich Gorodtsov (1860—1945).

The article summarizes the results of metal research and metalworking of the Eneolithic cultures of the forest zone of Eastern Europe. In total, 897 products were recorded in the regions of the North-West, Volga-Oka, Kama-Vyatka, Ural-Kazakhstan, including 21 molds. A morphological and typological study of inventory was carried out, the vast majority of which comes from settlements (901); 7 ornaments were found in the burial grounds. The chemical composition of the metal was studied by the methods of spectral and X-ray fluorescence analysis (371 items). Manufacturing technology was studied by methods of metallographic analysis (92 items). In the Forest Eneolithic, metallurgically "pure" copper was used with a slight admixture of other elements. It corresponds mainly to the chemical group MP (copper sandstones of the Urals). Archaeological and analytical data testify to the functioning of the Garino center of metallurgy and the Volosovo center of metalworking in the Volga-Kama region, which are relatively thin compared to the centers of the Circumpontian metallurgical province. Metalworking of the Eneolithic cultures of the Volga-Urals developed under the influence of the traditions of the Cis-Ural pit and Middle Volga Balanovo-Fatyanovo and Abashevo hearths. The initial impulses for the formation of metalworking in the post-Neolithic cultures of the northern forest-steppe and the south of the forest zone could come from the centers of the Khvalynsk Eneolithic culture.

The article publishes 8 letters from the founder of the Kherson Museum and its first director V. I. Goshkevich to the curator of Russian Historical Museum V. A. Gorodtsov. The Kiev and Kherson periods of Goshkevich's life and work are considered — the years of study at the Kyiv Theological Seminary and the University of St. Vladimir, choosing a path in science, working in the Kherson Provincial Statistical Committee and creating an archaeological museum with it. The dialogue was started on the initiative of Goshkevich, who was attracted by Gorodtsov's work on ancient ceramics in Russia. The Kherson Museum received a donation of the main printed works of the curator of Russian Historical Museum. Considerable attention is paid in the article to the comparative biography of both scientists. The destinies of Goshkevich and Gorodtsov have many similarities: both are from a family of clergy, studied in theological seminaries, and made their way into science with considerable difficulties. Gorodtsov was helped along this path by the patronage of the chairman of the Moscow Archaeological Society, Countess P. S. Uvarova, who opened up wide opportunities for excavations in various regions of the empire for the career officer and then keeper of the Russian Historical Museum. Goshkevich took a lot of effort and time with the creation and functioning of the Kherson Archaeological Museum and the routine work of collecting materials for the archaeological map of the Black Sea region. These endeavors became the main meaning of his life and work. Goshkevich's works were continued by I. V. Fabritsius, A. V. Dobrovolsky and subsequent generations of researchers.

The authors describe the westernmost metallurgical center of the 5th—2nd centuries BC left by the aboriginal Itkul' culture of the forest Trans-Urals in 8th/7th—3rd/2 nd centuries BC. It was founded in the upper reaches of the Ufa river, in Serny Klyuch tract, on top of a high (20—25 m) limestone rock with three steep edges, on the ruins of sites and settlements of the Eneolithic and Bronze Age. After the construction of the first copper-smelting complexes, the site of the settlement from the floor side was fenced with a log defensive wall with an external moat 40—42 m long. The ancient settlement is miniature, with an area of about 1,000 sq. m. Two excavations (502 sq. m) explored half of the site and 26 m of the fortification line. The remains of 19 adobe blast furnaces, three adobe platforms for metal processing, several pits and fireplaces for melting metal, three industrial and residential buildings of a frame-and-pillar structure were uncovered. In addition to the clan of metallurgists of the aboriginal Itkul' culture, the population of the settlement included small groups of newcomers: initially, the descendants of the taiga communities of the Gamayun culture, who migrated from the north, from the upper reaches of the Iset' river, later — the bearers of the Gorokhovo culture, who fled from the Tobol region and the lower reaches of the Iset' river under the pressure of the warlike Sargat tribes, the ancient ancestors of the Hungarians who came from the east, from the Ishim-Irtysh forest-steppe. Traces of full cycle metallurgical production were revealed on the site — from copper smelting to casting and forging of finished products. The main part of non-ferrous metal produced by metallurgists of the mountain-forestry Trans-Urals was intended for export to neighboring and more distant territories. A blank of an iron knife-dagger found in one of the furnaces, and a series of Itkul' iron products found in other places, confirm the hypothesis of the emergence of its own ferrous metallurgy in the forests of the Middle Urals around the 5 th—4 th centuries BC.