1. Introduction -- 2. Region and paradiplomacy : in search of definition -- 3. Paradiplomacy studies as a field of scholarly inquiry -- 4. The eleven dimensions of paradiplomacy discourse -- 5. Constructing an explanatory framework for the study of subnational governments' involvement in international relations -- 6. The province of Alberta in international affairs : applying the explanatory framework -- 7. Concluding remarks.
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This book examines and systematises the theoretical dimensions of paradiplomacy - the role of subnational governments in international relations. Throughout the world, subnational governments play an active role in international relations by participating in international trade, cultural missions and diplomatic relations with foreign powers. These governments, including states in the USA and landers in Germany, can sometimes even challenge the official foreign policy of their national government. These activities, which are regularly promoting the subnational government's interests, have been.
The purpose of this article is to show how a coordination of interests in education occurs based on trust. Trust in sociology of education is usually understood as an indicator or a foundation of social consensus. In the latter case, researchers focus on the essential characteristics of trust (transparency, openness, etc.). However, such an understanding only fixates a certain state of interaction, or just prepares the ground for it. In this text, the focus is on ways or strategies of trust. They allow us to see not only the existence of a consensus, but also how it is achieved. In this case, we are not talking about the best or only form of consensus, which is often identified with the notion of ''quality education''. The emphasis is on there existing many forms of consent in the field of education. The source of legitimacy for justifying the transition from single to multiple forms was the joint research work of L. Boltanski and L. Theveno on the problem of reconciliation of interests. Different forms of consent arise when the expectations of interested participants in interactions are justified. Thus, the basis for their occurrence is not a reference to a bad or good education, but to how much it meets expectations or does not meet expectations.
The president of Russian Federation V. Putin's Order from the 10th of March 2015 to the Government and Central Bank of Russia to work on the plan of creating Monetary Union of EAEU by the 1st of September cannot be ignored by scientific community's attention of Russia and other Eurasian countries. Strategic goal of this document is pretty clear - to create an island of currency stability in the surrounding of Jamaica's Monetary nonsystem and existing monopolar and assimetric world's dollar order, to minimize the dependency of Eurasian countries on US dollar, to hold its world expansion, to freeze the process of financing of USA imbalances by all countries, to turn back the process of dollarization of Eurasian countries and world's dollarization and relieve the world's community from future financial crises. The world's financial and economic crisis of 2008-2010 has clearly shown that US monetary, credit and banking system has become a permanent source of future turmoil of world's scale. It creates a necessity to activate the process of monetary integration of countries on the regional level and transformation of the modern Jamaica's world's dollar standard into the world's multipolar monetary standard. In this article the author analyses he stages of setting up the Eurasian regional monetary order from the creation of multilateral settlement system using common regional currency unit to the introduction of Eurasian currency system with Eurasian currency unit, which can be transformed in the future into the Eurasian Economic and monetary union with common regional currency (euras), which can restrict the world's monopoly position of the dollar.
Статья д.э.н., профессора Кузнецова В.С. представляет собой полемическую рецензию на статью профессора, доктора экономических наук, заведующего кафедрой «Международные валютно-кредитные отношения» МГИМО Катасонова В.Ю. «Золотой стандарт может быть восстановлен», опубликованную в октябрьском 2008 г. номере журнала «Финансовый бизнес», в которой изложены важные аспекты управления золотовалютными резервами, содержатся аргументы в пользу наращивания золотого запаса России. В качестве одного из аргументов Катасонов В.Ю. выдвигает возможность реставрации золотого стандарта или на мировом уровне - в мировой валютной системе, или на региональном уровне, или на уровне одной страны. В статье проф. Кузнецова В.С. показан спорный характер ряда аргументов проф. Катасонова В.Ю. и обосновывается нецелесообразность выдвижения идеи возврата к золотому стандарту на уровень государственной внешнеэкономической политики России, поскольку реализация такой идеи может стать тормозом для развития мировой резервной функции российского рубля.
In: Izvestija Saratovskogo universiteta: Izvestiya of Saratov University. Serija filosofija, psichologija, pedagogika = Philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, Band 11, Heft 3, S. 9-11
Article is devoted to the analysis of a problem of dissociation of the structure of modern philosophical knowledge. Author presents possible approach of the formation of the determinate structure of philosophical knowledge. That is formed in three contemporary trends of philosophy – the hermeneutics, the analytical philosophy and postmodernism, where scientific simulacrum as the uniting beginning comes out.
On the basis of testing various varieties of ecological and economic assessment of lands on the territory of the Russian Plain, their systematization was carried out both from the standpoint of the ratio of profi t and loss associated with nature management, and the attribution of these varieties to the areas of economic science that diff erently determine the role of human economic activity in ecological systems.Th e predominance in the Russian Federation of those techniques and methods of ecological and economic assess-ment, which are associated with the defi nition of damage/ harm from pollution, degradation and cluttering of land plots, is shown. Th e results of the approbation of the «Methodology for determining the extent of damage from soil and land degradation» (1994) for agricultural farms located in various regions of the Russian Federation — in the Volgograd, Belgorod, Kaliningrad and Penza regions are presented. It has been established that the damage caused to agricultural lands in all the studied regions is due to the low level of agrotechnical measures carried out here — mainly insuffi cient application of organic and mineral fertilizers, liming of acidic soils (for example, in the Kaliningrad region) and gypsum of saline soils (in the Volgograd region).Methods where the comparison of income and losses is carried out (methodology Y. von Braun, adjusting the value of land based on information about their ecological condition), are the most diffi cult to implement, but the most promising from a practical point of view. Th e results of the adjustment of the cadastral value of the lands of the West-ern Administrative District of Moscow based on the calculation of the indicator of loss of ecological quality of soils are presented. In some cases, the decrease in the cadastral value of land plots was 71% compared to the initial value.It has been established that the assessment of environmental damage refers to the direction of «environmental economics», the assessment of ecosystem services of soils and lands, the adjustment of the value of land based on information about their ecological condition, the assessment of environmental tax/environmental payments, — to the direction of «ecological economics», the methodology of J. von Braun and the assessment of environmental risks of pollution, degradation and littering of land — towards the direction of «green economics».
