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The scientific article is devoted to the consideration of the correlations of urban identity and the image of the city as an important symbolic aspect of such identity and urban toponymy. It is determined that the city dweller, constructing his own urban space, acquiring the status of a place, actualizes the images of "his city" (due to subjective experiences and memories, places that have personal significance for the city dweller) and "our city" (the subject is the urban community, for members which is characterized by self-identification with the values of this urban area). At the same time, in the formation of urban identity, attachment to a place is most significant, which is traditionally understood as a feeling of connection with a specific physical environment based on the meanings that are attached to this physical environment and activities in relation to this space. This attachment to the place allows you to establish a cognitive-emotional connection with the place, which determines both the emergence of a sense of security and belonging to "one's own group". The image of the city includes meanings that are significant for the individual and society, which allow identifying the territory as a place associated with the experience of urban identity.
Urban identity for a person is filled with modal meanings, conditionally divided into positive and negative. Acceptance of urban space and knowledge of the area itself, its names and topoi determines the leading role of urban toponymy, which it plays in the communicative paradigm of the city. The special semiotic status of toponymy is determined by the historical, geographical and cultural content of the symbolic images reproduced by toponyms. The functioning of toponyms is influenced by the urban identity of a person or social group, objectified in the image of the city inherent in them

In this article, we discuss the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic as abiopolitical challenge that – along the lines of the contemporary academicdebate on biopower – may be approached through the concepts ofsovereignty and governmentality. Within this general framework, theauthors look at the challenges Russia faces due to the corona crisis fromthe viewpoint of domestic transformations within the ruling regime, mainlyfocusing on center – periphery relations as a core element of the powerstructure in Russia that demands a stronger emphasis on governmentality.We outline several forms of regions' distancing from the federal center:digital empowerment, the resistance of the North, and the demand for"people's governors". Our main conclusion is that the relative administrativeautonomy obtained by the regions reflects the ongoing process ofdecentralization of the Russian political system which will affect thestructural characteristics of Russian federalism in the future.

In this article, we discuss the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic as a biopolitical challenge that – along the lines of the contemporary academic debate on biopower – may be approached through the concepts of sovereignty and governmentality. Within this general framework, the authors look at the challenges Russia faces due to the corona crisis from the viewpoint of domestic transformations within the ruling regime, mainly focusing on center – periphery relations as a core element of the power structure in Russia that demands a stronger emphasis on governmentality. We outline several forms of regions' distancing from the federal center: digital empowerment, the resistance of the North, and the demand for "people's governors". Our main conclusion is that the relative administrative autonomy obtained by the regions reflects the ongoing process of decentralization of the Russian political system which will affect the structural characteristics of Russian federalism in the future.

The article is devoted to the legal aspects of family problems in modern China. It provides analyses of the changes in the family law of the PRC at the beginning of the XXI century. The article contains information about the long-term work of the legislators on drafting the text of the Law and fundamental discussion of the extramarital affairs problem. Thus, this study based on the text of the Marriage Law of the PRC and data of the UNO shows whether the modern Family Law meets the requirements of the Chinese society. ; Данная статья посвящена правовым аспектам проблем современной китайской семьи. Она включает анализ изменений в семейном праве КНР в начале XXI века. Статья содержит информацию о длительной работе законодателей по подготовке текста закона и об основной дискуссии вокруг проблемы внебрачных связей. Таким образом, настоящее исследование на основе текста Закона о Браке КНР и исследований, проведенных ООН показывает, отвечает ли современное законодательство требованиям китайского общества.

A special role belongs to cross-cultural communication in the modern world. An attempt to limit the problem of the Russian language in Russia just with linguistic aspects, and only to culturological and political ones in the post-Soviet Union space is deeply wrong because of the whole complex of factors, relevant to the current state of the language, including both its fundamental character for the Russian culture preservation and transference and its enduring role in preservation of Russia's and neighbouring states' information and national security. A problem of the link between generations is especially topical for Russia, as the Russian society and nation are disoriented in language as a field of meanings and styles, in axiological and ethical coordinates of the world picture. Detailed investigation of the factors affecting the development of the Russian language in the cross-cultural communication space is becoming strategically important in the aspect of ensuring national security of Russia and its national unity.

The October Revolution of 1917 in Russia had a great impact on art in general as well as on its practical aspects. The clothing, in particular, underwent a remarkable transformation. Due to shortages, on the one hand, and the change of ideals, on the other hand, the official "high fashion" initially had almost died out and later was reborn in the new forms that reflected the new requirements. Mass production, preference for simplicity and ease of manufacture to the detriment of the uniqueness and emphasized aesthetics – those were the main tasks in that area. And especially unexpected with such an approach can be considered the victory of the costume collection of Nadezhda Petrovna Lamanova's dress collection at the "International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Art" in 1925 in Paris was quite unexpected. Nadezhda Petrovna was a fashion designer of an aristocratic background and had formerly the status of the Emperor's court supplier. She was not only able to change the style dramatically but also to create such an indigenous collection that even the sophisticated French panel of judges highly commended the national tint and the functionality of her work. The article gives an account of the life and creative activity of the fashion designer and we also reviews the documentary heritage of Nadezhda Petrovna Lamanova at the A.A. Bakhrushin State Central Theatre Museum.

This review is devoted to the analysis of a new textbook on the history of Russia in the 18th century, published in 2021 at the Russian State Humanitarian University. under the authorship of the teachers of the Department of the history of Russia in the Middle Ages and Modern Times of the faculty of history of the IAI RSUH, professor I.V. Kurukin and associate professor E.A. Antonova. The review emphasizes the importance of this manual for the organization of the educational process at the RSUH, notes the fact that it reflects the latest achievements of Russian historical science in the study of the 18th century. The appearance of this manual is especially necessary to provide students with the opportunity to independently study the disciplines of national history. It is noted that facing the reduction of the academic hours in historical curriculum observed in recent years, the students are forced to solve many issues and problems related to the study of national history on their own. Thus, the issue of providing the educational process with high-quality and modern textbooks containing not only reference and informative material, but also the necessary tools for testing knowledge is acute. Educational publication of I.V. Kurukin and EA. Antonova thereby contributes to the intensification of learning – on the one hand, and on the other – to rising envolvement in the learning process itself. The review provides a brief analysis of the scientific path of the authors of the manual – I.V. Kurukina and E.A. Antonova, their most important scientific monographs and publications of articles are mentioned. In addition, a detailed analysis of the structure and specifics of this manual is given; its numerous advantages and some shortcomings are indicated.

IntroductionThe proportion of people living with HIV (PLH) in care and on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Russia is lower than in Sub‐Saharan Africa [1]. This is undoubtedly due to a variety of systems and structural issues related to poor treatment access, linkage and care delivery models. However, little research has explored the reasons that PLH are not in care from their own perspectives. This information can help to guide the development of approaches for improving HIV care engagement in the country.Materials and MethodsIn‐depth interviews were undertaken with 80 PLH in St. Petersburg who had never been in HIV medical care, had previously been out of care, or had always been in care. Participants were recruited through online PLH forums and Websites, outreach needle exchange and non‐government organisation (NGO) programs, and chain referral. The interviews elicited detailed information about participants' experiences and circumstances responsible for being out of care, and factors contributing to nonretention in HIV treatment. Verbatim transcriptions of the interviews were coded and analyzed using MAXQDA software to identify emerging themes.ResultsTwo types of care engagement barriers most often emerged. Some related to medical services, and others to the family and social environment. The most frequent medical service barriers were poor treatment infrastructure conditions and access; dissatisfaction with quality of services and medical staff; and concerns over confidentiality and HIV status disclosure. Social barriers were fears of potential harm to family relationships, negative consequences if status became known at work, and public stigmatization and myths associated having an HIV+ status. Social support from the PLH community and from family and close friends facilitated care engagement, as did motivation to take care of oneself and one's family. Most participants also described circumstances in which engaging into HIV care was brought about by an urgent issue (opportunistic infections) or was enforced through hospitalization or imprisonment. Trust in one's doctor and simply not wanting to die were also common motives.ConclusionsStigma was a major barrier to care engagement, including fear that others would learn of one's HIV+ status, whether at work, in one's family, or in the general community. By contrast, support from family, friends and the PLH community contributed to care engagement.

IntroductionHIV treatment to reduce downstream HIV incidence and to decrease disease mortality and morbidity at a population level both require that hidden, out‐of‐care people living with HIV (PLH) in the community be reached and engaged to enter care. This research evaluated the feasibility of reaching out‐of‐care or non‐adherent PLH through members of their social networks in St Petersburg, Russia.Materials and MethodsTo recruit a social network sample of HIV‐positive injection drug users, 16 HIV+ seeds were enrolled into the study through PLH‐oriented websites and online forums using recruitment ads or approached in needle exchange sites. Interested persons called the study phone number and completed a brief eligibility interview. Seed inclusion criteria were HIV+ status, being 18 years or older, having ever injected drugs, and having not visited an HIV doctor in the past 6 months. Seeds provided blood specimens tested for HIV to confirm their self‐reported status. Eligible seeds were enrolled, completed brief network elicitation interview, and were asked to invite their own HIV+ friends into the study. Incentives were provided as compensation for participants' time and additional smaller incentives were provided for inviting each HIV+ network member to also participate. The seed's PLH friends established the first ring of participants who, in turn were asked to invite their own PLH friends (second ring). All study participants completed assessment of psychosocial wellbeing and sexual and injection‐related HIV risk behaviour. Blood samples were collected from all participants to confirm their HIV+ status.ResultsThrough this chain referral process, the initial 16 seeds led to the enrolment of a total of 66 PLH from the community (mean=4 per initial seed), most of whom – like the seed – were not presently in HIV care or were ART non‐adherent.ConclusionsImplementation of treatment cascade goals requires complementing conventional paths of identifying PLH with feasible and effective community‐based approaches such as described in this study. This research establishes that PLH are connected in their day‐to‐day social networks with other HIV+ persons and shows that social network methods can be employed to reach infected persons through their connections with other PLH. This method has the potential to expand the reach of medical care efforts and ART uptake.