Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the reception of Arnold Böcklin's pictorial
heritage in the Russian culture and literature of the Silver Age. It has gone through
all the stages from a violent passion to cooling and almost complete oblivion. Th e
focus is on the lyrics of Ivan Bunin and Andrey Bely of the 1900s. The author reveals
the ways of acquaintance of the Russian public with the paintings of the Swiss painter
(foreign travels, reproductions) and the peculiarities of their perception. By means
of comparative analysis, the author reveals the similarities in the plots and images
of some of the poems of two contemporary poets with the most famous paintings of
the artist: The Island of the Dead and Th e Battle of the Centaurs. It is concluded that
the culture of Russian modernism as a whole was characterized by a metaphysical
interpretation of Böcklin. Bunin valued more symbolic lyrical landscapes that convey
a sense of the mystical enigma of being and human life, or allegorical canvases
(Oceanids), impressive because of the beauty of the plastic scene. Bely sought in the
artist's work support for the assertion of the existence of another, otherworldly reality,
the realm of myth and ancient legends, and this was refl ected in his poetry. And in
the symphonies, allusions to Böcklin create a satirical effect. Nevertheless, both in
Bunin's poem and in Bely's works, we fi nd interesting examples of a modernist artistic
synthesis that combines painting and literature and is aimed at spiritualizing reality,
overcoming positivism and materialism. We see how the images of the Swiss artist
become the language for someone else's creative thought, fi t into a different national
culture.

Dass in Russland Modernisierungsbedarf herrscht, ist allgemeiner Konsens. Die Autorin entwickelt Szenarien für das scheinbar Undenkbare: den Eintritt Russlands in die Europäische Union. Zunächst erörtert die Autorin Argumente, die gegen einen Beitritt Russlands zur EU genannt werden können: Argumente, die sich auf die Größe Russlands oder auf die Kultur beziehen oder auf die komplizierte Verfasstheit seiner Föderation. Die Autorin weist darauf hin, dass Russland niemals eingeladen wurde, Mitglied der EU zu werden, und erläutert, auf welche Schwierigkeiten die EU stoßen würde: angefangen bei den Kopenhagener Kriterien, über traditionelle Allianzen, die zerfallen würden aufgrund der Stärke eines Mitglieds, wie Russland es darstellt. Auch die gemeinsame Agrarpolitik der EU wäre bankrott, wenn die russischen Bauern ihren Anteil an den landwirtschaftlichen Subventionen fordern würden. Anschließend widmet sich die Autorin den Szenarien über einen Beitritt Russlands zur EU und geht dabei auf die Herausforderungen ein, denen sich die EU auf der einen und Russland auf der anderen Seite gegenüber sähen. (ICB2)

Early 2005 diplomatic gatherings of 68 leaders have not led to a return to pre-2003 US-European relations. At this point, Europeans and Americans hold two different Weltanschaaung, especially on Iran's nuclear ambitions and the China arms embargo. Relations within the Europe, Russia, and the US triangle are discussed. Despite their agreements on security issues, UN Security Council reforms are likely to complicate relations.

Argues for a reconsidered relationship between Russia and NATO because of previous enlargements, the removal of the Soviet Union threat, and the altered international security landscape after the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States. Describes increased sites of agreement and potential for flexibility between Russian foreign policy and the NATO alliance which itself has illustrated internal tensions. Discusses an approach that includes overcoming preconceptions and fears in NATO and Russia about perceived mutual threats, replacing them with a notion of partnership based on mutual respect and preparedness to compromise. Concludes asserting a good possibility for union between NATO and Russia based on coinciding antiterrorist objectives and efforts.

Contends that the international community should seek to limit the sovereignty of "failed" countries that have been torn apart by civil war, and nations that violate the human rights of their citizens. It is argued that the problems created by "failed," war-torn, chaotic countries can no longer be ignored. Arguments contending that some involuntary limitations on national sovereignty are permitted under the UN Charter are presented. It is contended that the US has been ineffective in dealing with "failed" states and countries that consistently violate their citizens' human rights, because America acts in its own self-interest and lacks the necessary persistence for nation-building. Furthermore, the US tries to build democratic institutions in countries that are not prepared for democracy. It is contended that the sovereignty of "failed", war-torn countries should be systematically limited on a long-term basis in order to restore stability to these countries. Rules should be established that detail cases in which sovereignty can be limited. A system of punishments for states that violate human rights should be instituted.

This article suggests that one aim of Cooper's book is the restoration of the classical approach to the analysis of international relations. As other authors have noted, Cooper's conceptual framework is aligned with John Stuart Mill's division of the states into 3 types: in Cooper's case, the three types are failed states, modern states, and post-modern states. The hierarchical nature of the typology is implied in Cooper's regret that the US must be counted among those states in the middle category. Thus revealed are the underpinnings of recent political divisions between the US and many European nations, as European nations (along with Japan) are characterized as post-modern states relying not on military might to achieve their political aims, but rather upon a respect for mutual interdependence. A central resulting question is whether or not, in the face of divisions over US unilateralist policies, there is a single "Western" identity rooted deeply enough to unite Americans and Europeans. The disintegration of Western unity cripples the relationships between Europe and America, and is hazardous for worldwide stability. An overview of Cooper's central themes is proved here. The implications, some potential problems, and some possible solutions are explored.

Economic relations between Russia & Europe are doing very well indeed. EU countries are importing massive volumes of Russian raw materials & exporting growing quantities of an increasingly wide spectrum of products to this vast nation. From joint ventures & fat contracts to outright acquisitions of Russian firms by European companies, the signs of "economic complicity" between Moscow & the Old Continent continue to grow. Unfortunately, this harmony has not flowed over into the political sphere. Brussels is being extremely careful not to irritate its partner & doesn't dare suggest that it might be less brutal in its domestic undertakings. & yet there are ways to influence Moscow. Imagine that the Europeans found the audacity to suggest a sort of trade with the Kremlin, promising to eliminate visas, support Russia's WTO candidacy or smooth the country's relations with the Baltic states, all in exchange for greater democratization of Russian society. Both sides would definitely come out winners. Adapted from the source document.

The book Apres l'Empire: Essai sur la decomposition du systeme americain (After the Empire: An Essay on the Breakdown of the American System) by Emmanuel Todd, is reviewed.

The article presents the development of the sub-ethnic group of the Yessei Yakuts in the aspects of landscape, history, and memory. The research is dedicated to the studies of the peripheral ethno-local group of the Yessei Yakuts, resident in the compact area by Yessei lake of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Krai) since the 18th century. Based on the field research data, the methods of survey, mapping, and deep interview are implemented; the previously unpublished archive materials and narrative materials are introduced into the research discourse

The aim of the research is to emphasize the importance of online E-commerce on a worldwide scale in the context of the benefi ts it provides to the national governments. Special attention is paid to the key E-market trends in Russia and European Community with a brief overview of the statistics and analysis data, which proves the necessity for its future development. However, the potential development of e-market in Russia has certain restrictions, connected with the current economic downtown, lack of legal provision and general consumer's distrust to online transactions. Authors dwell upon the possible ways of overcoming these urgent obstacles according to the European policy of bringing down barriers to unlock online opportunities, which is called the Digital Single Market (DSM). To do that, the paper explores the benefi ts of the DSM Strategy's introduction in Europe and the reasons whether it could be implemented into the Russia's frontiers or not. Finally, authors reckon that despite the fact that the several legislative improvements relating to electronic market has been introduced in recent years, there are several efficient suggestions to our government to scrutinize in order to achieve high rates of online sales, bring the economy up and enforce cross-border cooperation.

The research investigates the current state of Russian fuel and energy complex, presenting current statistics and analytics. The purpose of this research is to explore main areas of Russian fuel and energy complex, such as oil and gas industries, especially in terms of export and production, in order to disclose major challenges that become even more obvious in current 2014-2015 political crisis. It was discovered that though short-term prospects of Russian fuel and energy complex are not as gruesome as proposed by many, there are severe issues with the condition of infrastructure. It is beyond doubt that Russia will require foreign help in order to fix current wear and tear of infrastructure and allow Russia to renew it technological capacity that will be needed for future exploration and production. Russia has a lot of challenges in terms of its export orientation in the next 20 years as well. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5p112