Suchergebnisse

In this dissertation, I examine the role of multicultural policies and how they intersect in three salient areas of support for social policy, residential segregation, and attitudes towards homosexuality. Multiculturalist policies emphasize cultural accommodation for immigrants through legal protections and can often take the form of constitutional recognition, dual citizenship, and multilingual education in schools for immigrant groups. Multiculturalism promises to facilitate integration and expand social boundaries to increasingly recognize immigrants as an important component of the national citizenry. However, the literature is far from clear about its effects. Indeed, it is incredibly contentious. Critics argue that multicultural policies encourage integration into ethnic over mainstream institutions. In turn, such policies have important effects for both natives and immigrant groups. Critics suggest that immigrants would not assimilate, live parallel lives, and experience sharp cultural divisions from mainstream values. For natives, critics argue multicultural policies reify ethnic boundaries, and thereby reduce support for social policies. These concerns are particularly important in age where discourses of welfare retrenchment are highly visible. Proponents strongly disagree. An opposing scholarship suggests that multiculturalist policies improve integration outcomes and promote a largely positive message of the impact of immigration for host societies. In turn, not only would multicultural policies facilitate integration, but also reduce the boundaries of "otherness" that immigrants face in host societies. There are strikingly few empirical studies that adjudicate between these two camps. This is unfortunate given the enormous space immigration occupies within modern political discourse. Overall, there remains mixed findings with multicultural policies increasing support for social policy but having little impact for residential segregation and attitudes towards homosexuality for immigrant groups. However, the findings are incongruent with narratives that suggest that multiculturalist policies facilitate negative social consequences.

AbstractHow do religious accommodations for Muslim minorities shape religiosity levels among Muslims minorities? Answering this question is critical in the contemporary period, as Western European countries have experienced greater diversity in religious affiliations due to immigration. In this article, we address this question by analysing individual data across multiple waves of the European Social Survey (ESS). Our analysis improves on existing studies in that it (1) incorporates a greater number of countries than prior studies, (2) covers a historically novel period of religious accommodations for Muslim minorities and (3) more effectively controls for unmeasured country and time‐invariant processes than previous research. We find that in countries that have instituted greater religious accommodations, Muslim respondents generally report higher levels of religiosity. Interestingly, we also find that the greater institutionalization of religious accommodations for Muslims also impacts the subjective religiosity levels of Protestant majorities. We find no effect for Catholic respondents.

ObjectiveIn this article, we examine how religious accommodations for Muslim minorities impact subjective well‐being (SWB) among Christian and nonattendee respondents in Western European countries.MethodsWe apply hierarchal linear modeling and fixed effects regressions on data drawn from the European Social Survey (2002–2008).ResultsWe find that religious accommodations at the country level are negatively associated with lower SWB among both Christian and nonattendee respondents. However, the effect is substantially greater for nonattendees.ConclusionAlthough the threat and coalition theses are often argued as competing positions, we posit they may be complementary perspectives.

AbstractScholarship on immigrant stereotypes suggest that individuals' viewpoints toward immigration may be differentiated across the dimensions of culture and economics. In this study, we use latent class analysis, which avoids the assumption that attitudes are unidimensional, scalar, and polarized, to examine configurations of immigration attitudes in Europe from 2002 through 2010, a period of time leading up to and within the Great Recession. Analyzing a set of items capturing different aspects of immigration attitudes, we discover that although there are substantial segments of the European population who hold polarized anti- or pro-immigration attitudes, the most common viewpoint is ambivalence. Specifically, those with ambivalent attitudes feel that immigration enriches national culture but also believe that immigration has less benefits for the economy. Using an interrupted time series design, we explore how attitudinal configurations shifted with the onset of the Great Recession. The crisis coincided with a rise in ambivalent attitudes as economic threat grew more than concerns about culture.

National — and local — conversations about immigration are often centered on immigrants' integration into the US society. One factor that shapes immigrants' integration is their pre-migration work experience, skills, and training and a series of studies have used "channeling" as a concept to identify immigrants who have worked in the same occupation and/or industry in the destination labor market as they had in the origin labor market, prior to migration. Using the New Immigrant Survey (NIS) and a simultaneous equation model (SiEM) approach, this article expands on this research by exploring the impact of channeling on wages for Asian Indians, Filipino/as, and Mexicans with lawful permanent resident (LPR) status. Contrary to prior findings on the effects of channeling within specific industries, we find that channeling is associated with lower, not higher, immigrants' wages. The findings are robust to different definitions of channeling, as the negative effects of channeling hold within industrial sectors and occupational groups. Moreover, the results indicate that channeling is not exclusive to the Mexico–US migration stream, but instead may be a feature of various US-bound immigration streams, including those from India and the Philippines.

AbstractTheories of endogenous economic growth propose that the exchange of information between workers with different knowledge facilitates innovation. In this study, we explore whether occupational gender segregation poses a barrier to endogenous growth by limiting the extent to which women and men workers exchange information, ideas and perspectives. Focusing on technology industries as a sector where information exchange plays a large role, we use error correction models to test for the potential long-term costs of occupational gender segregation on industry growth and productivity across US local labor markets from 2005 through 2019. Results indicate that occupational gender segregation stalls tech growth, while also hindering productivity. Conversely stated, the occupational integration of women and men provides a boon to growth and productivity in local tech sectors. As regions strive to be competitive in the new economy, those fostering collaboration between women and men will be better positioned to succeed.