Suchergebnisse
Filter
4 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
Defining minimum runoff length allows for discriminating biocrusts and rainfall events
This study was started in the context of the research projects PECOS (REN2003-04570/GLO) and PREVEA (CGL2007-63258/BOS) , both funded by the Spanish National Plan for RD&I and by the European ERDF Funds (European Regional Development Fund) , and continued during the project SCIN (Soil Crust In-terNational, PRI-PIMBDV-2011-0874, European project of ERA-NET BIODIVERSA, the Spanish team being funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) . The work was finally supported and culminated by the DINCOS project (CGL2016-78075-P, Spanish State Programme for Scientific Research) and by the European ERDF Funds (Euro-pean Regional Development Fund) . Consuelo Rubio's partici-pation was possible thanks to the contract as a doctoral student FPU18/00035. Dr. Javier Barbero advised us on mathemati-cal issues. Special thanks: This research was kindly facilitated by the Viciana brothers, landowners of the El Cautivo field site. ; The runoff coefficient (RC) is widely used despite requiring to know the effective contributing area, which cannot be known a priori. In a previous work, we defined runoff length (RL), which is difficult to measure. This work aimed to define the minimum RL (mRL), a quantitative and easy proxy of RL, for use in a pilot study on biocrusts in the Tabernas Desert, Spain. We show that RC decreases according to a hyperbola when the contributing area increases, the independent variable being the length of the effective contributing area and its coefficient involving the effects of rainfall and surface features and antecedent conditions. We defined the mRL as the length of the effective contributing area making RC = 1, which is calculated regardless of the area. We studied mRL from three biocrust types and 1411 events clustered in seven categories. The mRL increased with rain volume and intensity, catchment area and slope, whereas plant cover and biocrust succession (with one exception) had a negative effect. Depending on the plot, mRL reached up 3.3–4.0 m on cyanobacterial biocrust, 2.2–7.5 m on the most widespread lichens, and 1.0–1.5 m on late-successional lichens. We discuss the relationships of mRL with other runoff-related parameters. ; Spanish National Plan for RDI REN2003-04570/GLO CGL2007-63258/BOS ; European ERDF Funds (European Regional Development Fund) ; Spanish Government PRI-PIMBDV-2011-0874 ; DINCOS project (Spanish State Programme for Scientific Research) CGL2016-78075-P ; European ERDF Funds (Euro-pean Regional Development Fund) FPU18/00035
BASE
LONG-TERM HYDROLOGICAL MONITORING IN ARID-SEMIARID ALMERÍA, SE SPAIN. WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?
The original publication is available at: publicaciones.unirioja.es/revistas/cig ; [EN]A combination of high temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity of rainfall, soil surfaces, and plant cover is the cause of the complex hydrological response in arid/semiarid regions. Under these premises, long-term monitoring is necessary to capture drivers controlling the response of these areas and to be able to model and predict their reaction. A succinct, up-to-date review of the databases and results produced by two representative micro-catchments in the most arid extreme of Europe, Almería (SE Spain), is presented with the aim to show how the different precipitation patterns, during a 20-year period, influence the hydrological behavior on different lithologies and soil surfaces. The problems encountered about the functioning of these experimental stations, including the generation and maintenance of long-term databases, is also reviewed. ; [ES]Una combinación de elevadas variabilidades, espacial y temporal, en precipitación, superficies del suelo y vegetación es la causa de la compleja respuesta hidrológica en las regiones áridas-semiáridas. Bajo esta premisa es necesario un seguimiento a largo plazo para conocer los factores que controlan las respuestas hidrológicas de estas regiones, poder modelizarlas y predecirlas. Se presenta una breve revisión actualizada de las bases de datos y de los resultados obtenidos en dos microcuencas representativas del semiárido almeriense, en el SE peninsular, con la finalidad de mostrar cómo diferentes patrones de precipitación influyen en el comportamiento hidrológico en diferentes litologías y superficies del suelo, en un período de unos 20 años. Además, se repasan los problemas encontrados respecto al funcionamiento y mantenimiento de estas microcuencas y en las bases de datos generadas. ; field installations, data gathering, and personnel: MEDALUS (contract no. EV5VCT92- 0128), financed by the EEC European Union; PROHIDRADE (AMB95-0986), PROGESED (HID97-0581), EPOHIDRO (HID98-1056), PROHISEM (REN2001- 2268-C02-01), CANOA (CGL2004-04919-C02-01), PROBASE (CGL2006-11619/ HID), BACARCOS (CGL2011-29429), RESUCI (CGL2014-59946-R), DINCOS (CGL2016-78075-P), financed by the Spanish I+D program; COSTRAS (RNM 3614) financed by Junta de Andalucía; and RESEL (network of Spanish field stations measuring soil erosion), supported by the General Directorate for Nature Conservancy of the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture and Environment. ; Peer reviewed
BASE
Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin
Rainfall is the key factor to understand soil erosion processes, mechanisms, and rates. Most research was conducted to determine rainfall characteristics and their relationship with soil erosion (erosivity) but there is little information about how atmospheric patterns control soil losses, and this is important to enable sustainable environmental planning and risk prevention. We investigated the temporal and spatial variability of the relationships of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield with atmospheric patterns (weather types, WTs) in the western Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, we analyzed a large database of rainfall events collected between 1985 and 2015 in 46 experimental plots and catchments with the aim to: (i) evaluate seasonal differences in the contribution of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield produced by the WTs; and (ii) to analyze the seasonal efficiency of the different WTs (relation frequency and magnitude) related to rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield. The results indicate two different temporal patterns: the first weather type exhibits (during the cold period: autumn and winter) westerly flows that produce the highest rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield values throughout the territory; the second weather type exhibits easterly flows that predominate during the warm period (spring and summer) and it is located on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the cyclonic situations present high frequency throughout the whole year with a large influence extended around the western Mediterranean basin. Contrary, the anticyclonic situations, despite of its high frequency, do not contribute significantly to the total rainfall, runoff, and sediment (showing the lowest efficiency) because of atmospheric stability that currently characterize this atmospheric pattern. Our approach helps to better understand the relationship of WTs on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield with a regional scale based on the large dataset and number of soil erosion experimental stations. ; Spanish Government (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO) and FEDER Projects: CGL2014 52135-C3-3-R, ESP2017-89463-C3-3-R, CGL2014-59946-R, CGL2015-65569-R, CGL2015-64284-C2-2-R, CGL2015-64284-C2-1-R, CGL2016-78075-P, GL2008-02879/BTE, LEDDRA 243857, RECARE-FP7, CGL2017-83866-C3-1-R, and PCIN-2017-061/AEI. Dhais Peña-Angulo received a "Juan de la Cierva" postdoctoral contract (FJCI-2017-33652 Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MEC). Ana Lucia acknowledge the "Brigitte-Schlieben-Lange-Programm". The "Geoenvironmental Processes and Global Change" (E02_17R) was financed by the Aragón Government and the European Social Fund. José Andrés López-Tarazón acknowledges the Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Department of the Economy and Knowledge of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia for supporting the Consolidated Research Group 2014 SGR 645 (RIUS- Fluvial Dynamics Research Group). Artemi Cerdà thank the funding of the OCDE TAD/CRP JA00088807. José Martínez-Fernandez acknowledges the project Unidad de Excelencia CLU-2018-04 co-funded by FEDER and Castilla y León Government. Ane Zabaleta is supported by the Hydro-Environmental Processes consolidated research group (IT1029-16, Basque Government). This paper has the benefit of the Lab and Field Data Pool created within the framework of the COST action CONNECTEUR (ES1306).
BASE