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Not without irony, the paper comments upon the debt the modern regional development experts still owe to their forebears in the general field of Economics. The author within a general overview of present-day paradigms as to Territory, gives special attention to those that make of local government the heart of their analysis and groups these, by author, under three headings. The paper is then rounded out by a few reflections as to how the notions of globalization and decentralization might effect any analysis of Territory as such. ; El artículo comienza recordando la deuda de los modernos tratadistas del crecimiento económico regional y del desarrollo local con los viejos maestros de la economía general, con opiniones no exentas de ironía. Al presentar, con una visión crítica, los nuevos paradigmas de los estudios relacionados con el territorio, se detiene particularmente en los que hacen del desarrollo local el centro de sus análisis, agrupando a los diferentes tratadistas en tres bloques. Finalmente, reflexiona sobre la incidencia que pueden tener en el análisis territorial la descentralización y la globalización.

Union Económica y Monetaria (UEM). Examines the economic and political efforts needed in order for Spain to adopt the single currency and for true economic integration, involving convergence of income levels per capita in the European Union, to occur. Summary in English p. 213.

The paper goes into those reasons that have brought about a reform of the FCI as it had worked prior to 1989. It then details the principle features of the new FCI. The major weakness of the original fun d 's workings is seen to have been its having been born of a need to finance the day to day calls for monies of the then new Autonomous Regional Governments whereas it should have been an instrument of inter-regional adjustment policies. The mechanism governing the distribution of funding proper to the FCI's first model led in time to a slighting of the less advanced regions. This to a great extent was due to an importance then ascribed to savings sent home to these backward areas by their emigrant workers, savings that ceased to come back home inthe economic crisis of the '70s. The new FCI has been designed to answer the calls of both regional policy making and that regional solidarity the Constitution requires it to support. The mayor change it makes is a cutting down of its field of operations to cover only the less favoured Autonomous Regions. Its working methods have likewise been brought into line with those of the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). All this notwithstanding, it is here held that even the new FCI is not without its drawbacks and it could well be that factors not at present borne in mind when drafting it could well prove to be its undoing when the moment comes for handing its monies out. ; El artículo analiza las razones que han obligado a reformar el Fondo de Compensación Interterritorial (FCI) tal como funcionó hasta 1989, y describe las principales características del nuevo FCI. El primitivo Fondo adolecía del defecto conceptual de ser principalmente un elemento de financiación ordinario de Ias inversiones nuevas de las Comunidades Autónomas, más que un instrumento de la política regional. Además, la fórmula de reparto utilizada por la primera ley terminó volviéndose contra las regiones menos desarrolladas, debido al peso concedido a los saldos migratorios, que se vieron muy modificados a partir de la crisis económica de los años setenta. El nuevo FCI se ha diseñado como instrumento de la política regional y de la solidaridad interterritorial, siguiendo el mandato constitucional. La principal modificación es la reducción de su mapa de intervención en favor sólo de las Comunidades Autónomas menos desarrolladas. También ha aproximado sus métodos de funcionamiento a los del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). Pero el FCI actual no está exento de defectos. Pudiera suceder que la evolución temporal de las variables que intervienen en su distribución tenga efectos «perversos» no previstos.

During recent decades Spain has undergone the effects of, first, a higt economic growth rate, then of a severe slump, this followed by its transformation into a State with autonomic communities. the whole then topped by her intergration within the European Economic Community. Each of these periods mark s a different phase for her regional planning. The abandoning of regional planning as such was due in part to the economic crisis, the rise of neo-liberalism, the hitherto poor showing of regional policies and these being pushed aside in their power to approve by other mechanisms. In Spain, furthermore, the haste of some to sweep up the last vestiges of Franco's decadent years must not be overlooked. Spain has of late joined in the movement towards refurbishing the values of regional planning. Having drawn up a multiplicity of regional planning schemes for each and every one of her Autonomic Communities, the Government has seen fit to pass in 1989 a long term territorial stratagy, founding this upon a typological classification of the nation's regions and basing itself on projects for which it will be able to count on funding from structuring sources within the EEC, particularly from the FEDER. The importance that is given to the establishing of infrastructures and equipping is here noteworthy in its drive to develop and articulate the whole, especially in the light of that role hitherto ascribed to regional incentives. ; Durante las últimas décadas España ha conocido sucesivamente altos ritmos de crecimiento económico, los efectos de una grave crisis, la transformación en un Estado autonómico y la integración en la Comunidad Europea. A cada una de estas etapas corresponde una diferente situación de la planificación regional. AI abandono de la planificación regional concurrieron la crisis económica, el auge del neoliberalismo, el escaso éxito de las políticas regionales emprendidas y la sustitución de su función legitimadora por otros instrumentos. En España influyeron, además, las prisas por borrar las imágenes que pudieran recordar el tardofranquismo. Recientemente España se ha incorporado al nuevo ciclo de recuperación de la planificación regional. Después de la elaboración de múltiples planes regionales por todas y cada una de las Comunidades Autónomas, el Gobierno ha aprobado en 1989 una estrategia territorial a largo plazo, partiendo de una clasificación tipológica de las regiones españolas y apoyándose en una acciones para las que contará con financiación de los Fondos Estructurales Comunitarios, particularmente del FEDER. Es significativa la importancia que se concede a la dotación de infraestructuras y equipamientos para promover el desarrollo y articular el territorio, frente al papel que en otro tiempo se quiso dar a los incentivos regionales.

Not all the theories that deal with the problem of the growth of inequalities as between different national regions go on to recommend the use of regional development funds as a panacea for such inhalances, only those that apriori see the open market as being incapable of righting such phenomen a being given to recommending this sort of corrective action. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 would seem to have lent its ear to the council of the latter school when creating the Inter-Territorial Compensation Fund. The author, in a somewhat critical tone, tells of the highways and bye-ways wandered by the notions behind the setting up of this fund within the Constitution itself from its early days on through the law that governs its workings, then through the LOCFA and on to the cross-roads of the Autonomic Goverment Agreements of the summer of 1981. Many of the fine hopes that the passing of the Inter-Territorial Compensation Fund legislation gave rise to have withered on the stem, some because the original purpose of it has lost its point, some because of its not being used to favour those backward regions that most needed its assistance, some because of its being used to do little more than patch and mend the holes in the budgeting of the Autonomic Communities. The author concludes by saying that for all its inadequacies, the Fund is still a necessity and, as such, must be kept in being. ; No todas las teorías sobre la evolución de los desequilibrios regionales implican la aceptación de los fondos regionales de desarrollo, sino sólo aquellas que reconocen la incapacidad del mercado para corregir los desequilibrios espaciales de nivel de vida. Esta es la onda en que se sitúa la Constitución española de 1978 al crear el Fondo de Compensación Interterritorial. El autor cuenta desde una perspectiva moderadamente crítica las andanzas y peripecias que ha tenido que sortear la idea original del Fondo. desde la Constitución hasta la ley que regula su funcionamiento, pasando por la LOFCA y los Pactos Autonómicos del verano de 1981. Muchas de las expectativas levantadas por el FCI se han visto defraudadas, ya sea porque se ha desvirtuado la finalidad con que fue creado, ya sea porque no ha llegado a utilizarse como verdadero instrumento en favor de las regiones menos desarrolladas, sino para tapar agujeros de las necesidades financieras de las Comunidades Autónomas. A pesar de todo, es imprescindible su mantenimiento.