Suchergebnisse

Depuis l'unification inattendue de 1989-1990, l'Allemagne nouvelle a peine à s'ajuster et à répondre à la fois aux attentes et aux réserves exprimées par ses principaux partenaires internationaux. La principale puissance européenne devra désormais assumer un rôle plus éminent en Europe et dans le monde, mais lequel? Le nouvel ordre international implique pour ce pays qu'il quitte la discrétion à laquelle il nous avait habitué durant la guerre froide sans inquiéter pour autant ses voisins européens, y compris la Russie qui maintiendra des troupes en Allemagne jusqu'en août 1994. Dans cet article, nous analysons le débat allemand sur l'orientation de la politique étrangère en transition. Nous montrons que les changements d'attitudes et de perspective sont importants et qu'ils se sont manifestés pour la première fois durant la guerre du Golfe persique.

This article is about the role of international bureaucracies in the determination of the general policies of international organizations. In this paper it is argued that in general international organizations' Secretariats generally do wield, considerable power over the definition of the institutions' strategies, i.e. those activities, priorities and projects which taken together make up the program of the institution for a given period. Indeed, the international bureaucrats exercise tremendous control over the content of the program. This is so because international organizations have special functions in the world System. They must see to it that, certain states of affairs prevail in the world over the long run. It is, therefore, no surprise that the programs' content be more or less shielded from conjonctural fluctuations. The article then proceeds to test these hypotheses on a concrete case: the analysis of the processus through which Unesco's program goes before becoming the official policy of the organization.

German unification is both a cause and an effect of the restructuring of alliances now taking place with the end of the long postwar era. An enlarged Germany finds itself in a new geostrategic position at the centre of a henceforth unified continent and its vocation is pan-European. The underpinnings of its external policy and its security have been modified. In this context, the German government has opted not only for keeping a renewed NATO but also for deepening and widening Europe's economic and political institutions. It does not want to disappoint either the Americans or its European Community partners and those wishing to join the EC. Nor does it want to disappoint the East Europeans, including those-of the former Soviet Union. Nevertheless, the traditional policy of seeking non-isolation, at times not without ambivalence, is destined to change and could become more assertive. Two items testify to this change in direction : the "debate over normalization', which has brought down taboos in Germany, and the leadership role that Bonn has openly taken, for the first time since 1945, on the issue of recognition without further delay of Slovenia and Croatia by the European Community as of January 15 1992.