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This article shows that the idea of an "unenhanced humanness", which defined Walter Benjamin's concept of the political in the early 1920s, is surreptitiously continued in what, in the preparatory notes to his essay about Karl Kraus of 1931, he calls"real humanism of the non-human". The discrepancies that Benjamin establishes in each case with the famous Friedrich Nietzsche's notion of Übermensch will be the common thread that links both moments. From this, it is shown how a singular politicsof the (post)human emerges in Benjamin's writings. ; El presente artículo se propone mostrar que la idea de una "humaneidad no-incrementada", que define el concepto de lo político de Walter Benjamin a principios de la década de 1920, se continúa subrepticiamente en lo que, en los apuntes preparatorios a su ensayo sobre Karl Kraus de 1931, llama "humanismo real de lo no-humano". Las discrepancias que en cada caso Benjamin establece con la célebre noción de Übermensch acuñada por Friedrich Nietzsche será el hilo conductor que permite vincular ambos momentos. A partir de ello, se muestra cómo emerge en los escritos de Benjamin una singular política de lo (post)humano.

La propuesta de Osvaldo Barreneche nos lleva a recorrer cinco décadas del siglo XX bonaerense en las cuales pasó de todo y, dentro de esa historia y de este "todo", la policía nunca estuvo al margen. El libro no pretende tener una vocación generalista de la historia de la policía sino, como su título bien lo expresa, la de una historia de la policía bonaerense entre los años 1930 y 1973. Se busca mostrar las particularidades que existieron dentro de esta institución, desmontando la imagen monolítica que existe alrededor de la policía y por tanto descubrir sus numerosas fisuras.

El artículo analiza el proceso de modernización de la policía rosarina, en donde englobamos la creación de la División de Investigaciones de la ciudad de Rosario a cargo de Néstor Fernández, quien fuera Jefe Político de la ciudad entre el 19 de febrero de 1906 y el 22 de enero de 1907. A partir del cruce de dos tradiciones historiográficas diferentes -por un lado, la que tiene como objeto a la institución policial y el mundo del delito y, por otro, la que se ha preocupado por la cuestión social y el surgimiento del anarquismo- reflexiona sobre los mecanismos de control instaurados por la mencionada división. Si bien el foco está puesto en la jefatura de Fernández, una de las ideas estructurantes del trabajo es indagar cuales fueron las respuestas de la institución policial rosarina frente a los conflictos sociales. De esta manera, se propone reconstruir las modificaciones que se dieron al interior de la División de Investigaciones en un momento clave como lo fue el año 1906, año en que se consolidan los métodos de identificación y control social, sobre la base del análisis de un heterogéneo conjunto de fuentes que van desde la prensa local e informes policiales hasta las memorias del propio Fernández. ; The article analyzes the process of modernization of Rosario police, where we include the creation of the Investigations Division of the city by Néstor Fernández, Political Chief of Rosario between 19 February 1906 and the 22 January 1907. Studying the intersection of two different historiographical perspectives: the police institution and the world of crime and, on the other hand, concerns with the social state and the emergence of anarchism in the city- we can understand the mechanisms established by the mentioned division. Although the focus is on Fernandez's leadership, one of the structuring ideas behind this article is to investigate the actions taken by the Rosario police institution to social conflicts. This way, we aim to reconstruct the modifications occurred within the Investigations Division, ...

En este trabajo intentamos trazar una lectura del ensayo fotográfico "Arqueología de la au- sencia" (1999-2001) de Lucila Quieto, fotógrafa argentina, cuyo padre fue desaparecido por la dictadura militar. Buscaremos mostrar cómo las fotografías de Quieto forman parte de una pro- blematización mayor acerca del estatuto de la memoria, del tiempo y de la imagen ante la ausen- cia y la desaparición, dos aspectos insoslayables que marcan la escena de la historia argentina de posdictadura. El montaje, que reconocemos como el principio constructivo de su ensayo, es leído como la estrategia visual capaz de hacerse cargo de las tensiones entre el presente y el pasado traumático sin reconciliarlas en falsas armonías y, a la vez, como la posibilidad de cons- trucción de una memoria arqueológica que desarregla la estructura lineal del tiempo. In this paper we attempt analyze the photo essay "Arqueología de la ausencia" (1999-2001) of Lucila Quieto, an Argentinean photographer whose father was "disappeared" by the military dictatorship. We seek to show how Quieto's photographs are part of a greater problematization about the status of memory, time and image facing absence and disappearance, two inescapa- ble aspects making the scene of history of post-dictatorship Argentina. The montage, which we recognize as the constructive principle of her essay, is interpreted as a visual strategy capable of taking charge of the tensions between the present and the past trauma without reconciling them in false harmonies and, simultaneously, as the possibility of construction of an archaeological memory that disarranges linear time structure.

Background: In January 2011 Spain modified clean air legislation in force since 2006, removing all existing exceptions applicable to hospitality venues. Although this legal reform was backed by all political parties with parliamentary representation, the government s initiative was contested by the tobacco industry and its allies in the hospitality industry. One of the most voiced arguments against the reform was its potentially disruptive effect on the revenue of hospitality venues. This paper evaluates the impact of this reform on household expenditure at restaurants and bars and cafeterias. Methods and empirical strategy: We use household expenditure micro-data for years 2006 to 2012 to estimate models for the probability of observing expenditures and the expected level of expenditure. We apply a beforeafter analysis with a wide range of controls for confounding factors and a flexible modeling of time effects in order to identify the effects of the reform. Results: Our results suggest that the reform caused a 2% reduction in the proportion of households containing smokers but did not cause reductions in households expenditures on restaurant services or on bars and cafeteria services.

Background and aims The economic evaluation of tobacco control policies requires the adoption of assumptions about the impact of changes in smoking status on health related quality of life (HRQOL). Estimates for such impacts are necessary for different populations. This paper aims to test whether smoking status has an independent effect on HRQOL over and above the effect derived from the increased likelihood of suffering a tobacco related disease and to calculate utility values for the Spanish population. Methods Using data from the Spanish Encuesta Nacional de Salud of 2011-12, we estimate statistical models for HRQOL as measured by the EQ5D5L instrument as a function of smoking status. We include a comprehensive set of controls for biological clinical, lifestyle and socioeconomic characteristics. Results Smoking status has an independent, statistically significant effect on HRQOL. However, the size of the effect is small. The typical smoking related disease, such as lung cancer, is associated to a reduction in HRQOL about 5 times larger than the difference between current smokers and never smokers. Conclusion A realistic representation of the effects of smoking on HRQOL in economic evaluation should shy away from attributing large independent changes to quitting smoking or avoiding starting to smoke, since such changes are small once clinical conditions are controlled for. On the other hand, it is necessary to expand the set of classical smoking related diseases used in economic evaluation with other diseases for which new evidence showing a causal link to smoking exists. ; The authors are very grateful to Dr. Toni Mora for his invaluable help and support to finish this paper. This work was partially funded by the European Union's FP7 program (The EQUIPT Project; grant agreement 602270) and partially by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the programme "Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016". Grant ECO2013- 48217-C2-1 (http://invesfeps.ulpgc.es/en). The funders had no influence in the conduction of this study or the drafting of this manuscript.

Objectives: The Spanish government has strengthened tobacco control policies since 2005, including changes in tobacco taxes. Because these changes have targeted cigarettes mainly, the tobacco industry has marketed cheaper alternative tobacco products, offering smokers the possibility to downtrade. This paper traces the evolution of patterns of demand for cigarettes and other tobacco products in Spain over the period 2005-2011 in order to assess the impact of such tax loopholes. Methods: The authors use data on tobacco products prices and sales as well as changes in the structure and levels of tobacco taxes to relate tax changes to price changes and subsequent market share changes. Results: Tax reforms have lifted the bottom end of the cigarette price distribution, but the industry has been successful in marketing fine-cut tobacco at cheap prices. There have been partial attempts to correct this asymmetric tax treatment, but these have not avoided a remarkable increase in the market share of fine-cut tobacco. The absence of a minimum tax on quantity for the rest of tobacco products allows the industry to place them as potential future downtrading vehicles. Conclusions: In order to address public health objectives, tax policies should aim to equalise the cost of smoking across different tobacco products. Otherwise the tobacco industry can exploit tax loopholes to market cheap alternatives to cigarettes. This requires all tobacco products to bear a minimum tax on quantity, whose levels need to be adjusted in order to reflect the equivalence between different forms of smoking.

Objectives: The Spanish Government has strengthened tobacco control policies since 2005, including changes in tobacco taxes. Because these changes have targeted cigarettes mainly, the tobacco industry has marketed cheaper alternative tobacco products, offering smokers the possibility to down-trade. This paper traces the evolution of patterns of demand for cigarettes and other tobacco products in Spain over the period 2005-2011 in order to assess the impact of such tax loopholes. Methods: We use data on tobacco products prices and sales as well as changes in the structure and levels of tobacco taxes to relate tax changes to price changes and subsequent market share changes. Results: Tax reforms have lifted the bottom end of the cigarette price distribution, but the industry has been successful in marketing fine cut tobacco at cheap prices. There have been partial attempts to correct this asymmetric tax treatment, but these have not avoided a remarkable increase in the market share of fine cut tobacco. The absence of a minimum tax on quantity for the rest of tobacco products allows the industry to place them as potential future down-trading vehicles. Conclusions: In order to address public health objectives, tax policies should aim to equalise the cost of smoking across different tobacco products. Otherwise the tobacco industry can exploit tax loopholes to market cheap alternatives to cigarettes. This requires all tobacco products to bear a minimum tax on quantity, whose levels need to be adjusted in order to reflect the equivalence between different forms of smoking. ; Support by Ministerio de Educación, project ECO2008-06395-C05-04, co-funded by European Regional Development Fund, and Fundación Séneca through project 08646/PHCS/08 is gratefully acknowledged (A. López-Nicolás and MB. Cobacho). Support by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Government of Spain (RTICC RD06/0020/0089) and Ministry of Universities and Research, Government of Catalonia (Grant 2009SGR192) is gratefully acknowledged (E. Fernández).

Traducción de Nicolás López."Le due anime della cultura di Weimar" es es título original del texto de Tomás Maldonado (1922-2018), cuya traducción al castellano ofrecemos en este número de Nuevo itinerario. Revista de filosofía. Fue publicado por primera vez en 1978, en la compilación Weimar. Lotte sociali e sistema democratico nella Germania degli anni Venti, que estuvo al cuidado de Lucio Villari (Bologna: Il Mulino, pp. 153-161). El traductor quiere agradecer a los herederos de Tomas Maldonado y a la editorial Feltrinelli por haber cedido gentilmente los derechos del ensayo para la publicación de esta traducción. Para quien guarde interés por la cultura weimariana, encontrará en este texto una lúcida aproximación a las tendencias dominantes de una época que parece ya lejana, pero que en muchos aspectos sigue siendo el espejo en el que se refleja nuestra problemática modernidad.