Suchergebnisse

En el presente artículo se hace un análisis de la seguridad social en España haciendo referencia a su regulación y protección brindada a nivel constitucional y a su evolución histórica. De igual forma se menciona la situación de los abogados por cuenta ajena y por cuenta propia

En el presente estudio se plantea la cuestión relativa al reparto y
transferencia de competencias correspondientes al Estado y a las Comunidades
Autónomas españolas, en materia de Seguridad Social.
Se atiende principalmente a lo que para cada supuesto concreto establece la
Constitución española como Norma Suprema, partiendo, en todo caso, de su artículo
149.1.17, y a lo fijado por los diferentes Estatutos de Autonomía.
El estudio analiza una serie de materias propias de la Seguridad Social, a través
de lo cual se pueden ver las diferentes soluciones que se han venido dando en
el ámbito de la adecuada competencia.
Ikerlan honetan aztergai dira Espainiako estatuaren eta berau
osatzen duten autonomia-erkidegoen arteko eskumenak, halakoak Gizarte Segurantzaren
esparruan banatu eta eskualdatzeari dagokionez.
Bereziki, aintzat hartu da kasu bakoitzari begira Espainiako Konstituzioak ezarritakoa,
149.1.17 artikulua abiapuntu, bai eta autonomia-estatutuek ezarritakoa ere.
Ikerlanen Gizarte Segurantzako edozenbat gai jorratu dira, horien bidez antzeman
daitezkeela kasuan kasuko eskumenaren esparruan eman diren konponbide
desberdinak.
The research focuses on the way in which Spain as a country and
each of the Autonomic Comunities in which it is divided, have to, on the one hand
share, and on the other hand, transfer, from the Country to the Comunities, certain
legal competences of Social Security according to what both the Spanish Constitution
specially on the 149.1.17 article, and the different Autonomic Estatues say.
Certain Social Security aspects are discussed, in order to see the different solutions
that have been given in relation with the adequate competence.

At present, the international growth model includes important restrictions
about the consideration of GDP as a unique tool for measurement. In this
sense, taking into consideration the wealth of a country, we must add
intangibles such as human development, country image, employment conditions,
environmental, innovation, public sector efficiency, and synergies to the
variable production, which is defined as national intellectual capital. In
this paper, we use a mathematical model of intellectual capital to determine,
in monetary terms, the intangible elements that have a greater impact on
long-term economic development in European and Asian countries. We have the
main limitation of available information and we provide objective results
using statistical method. By identifying these components, countries will be
able to redirect their policies toward achieving sustainable long-term
growth. The results show that the long-term growth of both continents are
strongly dependent on the skills of their human resources, but register
differences in structural factors such as trade, innovation, or environment.

In the design of future HPC systems, research in resource management is showing an increasing interest in a more dynamic control of the available resources. It has been proven that enabling the jobs to change the number of computing resources at run time, i.e. their malleability, can significantly improve HPC system performance. However, job schedulers and applications typically do not support malleability due to the common belief that it introduces additional programming complexity and performance impact. This paper presents DROM, an interface that provides efficient malleability with no effort for program developers. The running application is enabled to adapt the number of threads to the number of assigned computing resources in a completely transparent way to the user through the integration of DROM with standard programming models, such as OpenMP/OmpSs, and MPI. We designed the APIs to be easily used by any programming model, application and job scheduler or resource manager. Our experimental results from two realistic use cases analysis, based on malleability by reducing the number of cores a job is using per node and jobs co-allocation, show the potential of DROM for improving the performance of HPC systems. In particular, the workload of two MPI+OpenMP neuro-simulators are tested, reporting improvement in system metrics, such as total run time and average response time, up to 8% and 48%, respectively. ; This work is partially supported by the Span- ish Government through Programa Severo Ochoa (SEV-2015-0493), by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through TIN2015-65316-P project, by the Generalitat de Catalunya (contract 2017-SGR-1414) and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 under grant agreement No 785907 (HBP SGA2) ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)

In the design of future HPC systems, research in resource management is showing an increasing interest in a more dynamic control of the available resources. It has been proven that enabling the jobs to change the number of computing resources at run time, i.e. their malleability, can significantly improve HPC system performance. However, job schedulers and applications typically do not support malleability due to the common belief that it introduces additional programming complexity and performance impact. This paper presents DROM, an interface that provides efficient malleability with no effort for program developers. The running application is enabled to adapt the number of threads to the number of assigned computing resources in a completely transparent way to the user through the integration of DROM with standard programming models, such as OpenMP/OmpSs, and MPI. We designed the APIs to be easily used by any programming model, application and job scheduler or resource manager. Our experimental results from two realistic use cases analysis, based on malleability by reducing the number of cores a job is using per node and jobs co-allocation, show the potential of DROM for improving the performance of HPC systems. In particular, the workload of two MPI+OpenMP neuro-simulators are tested, reporting improvement in system metrics, such as total run time and average response time, up to 8% and 48%, respectively. ; This work is partially supported by the Span- ish Government through Programa Severo Ochoa (SEV-2015-0493), by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through TIN2015-65316-P project, by the Generalitat de Catalunya (contract 2017-SGR-1414) and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 under grant agreement No 785907 (HBP SGA2) ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)

Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ; This book presents a visual summary of the images and videos that make up the EST Solar Gallery, an outreach and educational resource developed by the European Solar Telescope (EST) project to raise awareness of the Sun among the general public. The gallery can be accessed through the EST website at http://www.est-east.eu. The archive contains a selection of images and videos illustrating the wide range of features that can be observed on the Sun, particularly in its atmosphere (the photosphere, the chromosphere, the transition region, and the corona). Only excellent-quality material has been used. Most of the images and videos are the result of observations at the limit of the spatial resolution achievable nowadays. The collection includes material from both ground-based and space-borne telescopes. Many of the ground-based facilities are located in Europe. The gallery consists of 103 images and 77 videos, organized in 11 categories and 25 subcategories. Each image or video is accompanied by a text describing the features that can be observed and their relevance in solar physics, as well as the telescope and instrument used to obtain the data. In addition, the observers and the authors of the images, videos and texts are identified. All the material can be downloaded from the EST website at original resolution. In this way, we hope the gallery will be useful as a source of material for printed documents, posters, public presentations, etc. To make the images and videos self-explanatory, a homogeneous file naming convention has been followed. Each filename is of the form TELESCOPE_INSTRUMENT_DATE_TARGET_COMMENTS.EXTENSION, to identify the TELESCOPE and INSTRUMENT employed, the DATE of the observations (in the format YYYYMMDD), the target (usually a NOAA Active Region or the quiet Sun), and COMMENTS that provide additional details on the observation or target. EXTENSION indicates the file type (image or movie). In this book, each image or video is presented in one single page with a header that contains the following information: category, title, telescope used to make the observations, and filename. After the header, a description of the image/video is shown. Credits are given at the bottom of the page, including the source of the material when available. We would like to thank all the scientists and institutions that contributed the images and videos included in the EST Solar Gallery. They kindly granted permission to use them for outreach and educational purposes. Their names are shown on page 172 of this book. Please give appropriate credit to them. Their help in creating a unique repository of solar images is greatly appreciated. ; This activity has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 739500 ; No

The main computing tasks of a finite element code(FE) for solving partial differential equations (PDE's) are the algebraic system assembly and the iterative solver. This work focuses on the first task, in the context of a hybrid MPI+X paradigm. Although we will describe algorithms in the FE context, a similar strategy can be straightforwardly applied to other discretization methods, like the finite volume method. The matrix assembly consists of a loop over the elements of the MPI partition to compute element matrices and right-hand sides and their assemblies in the local system to each MPI partition. In a MPI+X hybrid parallelism context, X has consisted traditionally of loop parallelism using OpenMP. Several strate- gies have been proposed in the literature to implement this loop parallelism, like coloring or substructuring techniques to circumvent the race condition that appears when assembling the element system into the local system. The main drawback of the first technique is the decrease of the IPC due to bad spatial locality. The second technique avoids this issue but requires extensive changes in the implementation, which can be cumbersome when several element loops should be treated. We propose an alternative, based on the task parallelism of the element loop using some extensions to the OpenMP programming model. The task- ification of the assembly solves both aforementioned problems. In addition, dynamic load balance will be applied using the DLB library, especially efficient in the presence of hybrid meshes, where the relative costs of the different elements is impossible to estimate a priori. This paper presents the proposed methodology, its implementation and its validation through the solution of large computational mechanics problems up to 16k cores. ; The use of large part of a supercomputer, even more in normal conditions of use, is never an innocuous exercise. The research leading to these results has received funding from: the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme (2014–2020) and from Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation through Rede Nacional de Pesquisa (RNP), HPC4E Project, grant agreement 689772; the Energy oriented Centre of Excellence (EoCoE), grant agreement number 676629, funded within the Horizon2020 framework of the European Union; The Spanish Government (grant SEV2015-0493 of the Severo Ochoa Program); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (contract TIN2015-65316-P); the Generalitat de Catalunya (contract 2014-SGR-1051); the Intel-BSC Exascale Lab collaboration project. Comissió Interdepartamental de Recerca i Innovació Tecnológica(Interdepartmental Commission for Research and Technological Innovation) ; Sí ; Post-print (author's final draft)

The main computing phases of numerical methods for solving partial differential equations are the algebraic system assembly and the iterative solver. This work focuses on the first task, in the context of a hybrid MPI+X paradigm. The matrix assembly consists of a loop over the elements, faces, edges or nodes of the MPI partitions to compute element matrices and vectors and then of their assemblies. In a MPI+X hybrid parallelism context, X has consisted traditionally of loop parallelism using OpenMP, with different techniques to avoid the race condition, but presenting efficiency or implementation drawbacks. We propose an alternative, based on task parallelism using some extensions to the OpenMP programming model. In addition, dynamic load balance will be applied, especially efficient in the presence of hybrid meshes. This paper presents the proposed methodology, its implementation and its validation through the solution of large computational mechanics problems up to 16k cores. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from: the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme (2014–2020) and from Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation through Rede Nacional de Pesquisa (RNP), HPC4E Project, grant agreement 689772; the Energy oriented Centre of Excellence (EoCoE), grant agreement number 676629, funded within the Horizon2020 framework of the European Union; The Spanish Government (grant SEV2015-0493 of the Severo Ochoa Program); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (contract TIN2015-65316-P); the Generalitat de Catalunya (contract 2014-SGR-1051); the Intel-BSC Exascale Lab collaboration project. Comissió Interdepartamental de Recerca i Innovació Tecnológica(Interdepartmental Commission for Research and Technological Innovation) ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)

The main computing tasks of a finite element code(FE) for solving partial differential equations (PDE's) are the algebraic system assembly and the iterative solver. This work focuses on the first task, in the context of a hybrid MPI+X paradigm. Although we will describe algorithms in the FE context, a similar strategy can be straightforwardly applied to other discretization methods, like the finite volume method. The matrix assembly consists of a loop over the elements of the MPI partition to compute element matrices and right-hand sides and their assemblies in the local system to each MPI partition. In a MPI+X hybrid parallelism context, X has consisted traditionally of loop parallelism using OpenMP. Several strate- gies have been proposed in the literature to implement this loop parallelism, like coloring or substructuring techniques to circumvent the race condition that appears when assembling the element system into the local system. The main drawback of the first technique is the decrease of the IPC due to bad spatial locality. The second technique avoids this issue but requires extensive changes in the implementation, which can be cumbersome when several element loops should be treated. We propose an alternative, based on the task parallelism of the element loop using some extensions to the OpenMP programming model. The task- ification of the assembly solves both aforementioned problems. In addition, dynamic load balance will be applied using the DLB library, especially efficient in the presence of hybrid meshes, where the relative costs of the different elements is impossible to estimate a priori. This paper presents the proposed methodology, its implementation and its validation through the solution of large computational mechanics problems up to 16k cores. ; The use of large part of a supercomputer, even more in normal conditions of use, is never an innocuous exercise. The research leading to these results has received funding from: the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme (2014–2020) and from Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation through Rede Nacional de Pesquisa (RNP), HPC4E Project, grant agreement 689772; the Energy oriented Centre of Excellence (EoCoE), grant agreement number 676629, funded within the Horizon2020 framework of the European Union; The Spanish Government (grant SEV2015-0493 of the Severo Ochoa Program); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (contract TIN2015-65316-P); the Generalitat de Catalunya (contract 2014-SGR-1051); the Intel-BSC Exascale Lab collaboration project. Comissió Interdepartamental de Recerca i Innovació Tecnológica(Interdepartmental Commission for Research and Technological Innovation) ; Sí ; Post-print (author's final draft)