Suchergebnisse

Este artículo aborda la enseñanza de la historia en la educación secundaria en España, desde la reforma de 1970. Partiendo de la justificación del uso de la idea de identificación sobre el concepto de identidad nacional, se discute el papel cambiante de la historia escolar en la nacionalización de la población española, en los siguientes apartados: identificación nacional y enseñanza de la historia antes de 1970; crisis de las historiografías nacionalistas y Ley General de Educación de 1970; la fortaleza de los estereotipos nacionalistas en el BUP; renovación pedagógica durante la transición democrática; la LOGSE (1990) y sus inconsecuencias reformistas; los estereotipos nacionalistas: del centro a la periferia y de la periferia al centro; la ofensiva neoconservadora de los 90; la recuperación de la historia general: desde Atapuerca al euro; para concluir con una reflexión sobre la necesidad de replantearse la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la historia en el siglo XXI ; This paper examines the teaching of history in secondary education in Spain since the 1970 reform. Beginning with the justification of the use of the notion of identification over the concept of national identity, we discuss the changing role of school history in promoting this identification in Spanish population after the 70's with these sections: national identification and History teaching before 1970; the crisis of the nationalist historiographies and the 1970 Ley General de Educación; the strength of nationalist stereotyping in the BUP; the pedagogic innovation during the democratic transition; the LOGSE (1990) and its reformist inconsequence; nationalist stereotyping: from centre to periphery and from periphery to centre; the neoconservative offensive in the 90's; the recovering of the general History: from Atapuerca to the euro. The paper concludes with a reflection of the need for a new perspective of History teaching and learning in the XXI century ; Este trabajo ha contado con financiación del proyecto HMU2006-10999 de la DGCYT: "La ...

La complejidad de la situación presente respecto de la enseñanza escolar de la historia, aparte de los muy importantes cambios historiográficos habidos en los últimos decenios y de las nuevas finalidades asignadas a su enseñanza escolar, se ha visto aún más destacada por el interés habido, por parte de ciertos sectores políticos y culturales, de establecer unos contenidos y un tipo de enseñanza de la historia que han provocado una fuerte polémica. Para intentar contextualizar este panorama general, en un primer apartado se aborda sintéticamente las características principales de la polémica habida sobre la enseñanza de la historia en España, contrastando las valoraciones expresadas por diversas instancias oficiales con los resultados obtenidos en algunas de las investigaciones empíricas existentes. En segundo lugar se esboza los cambios y las continuidades que tanto el profesorado como los manuales escolares han presentado durante los últimos 10-20 años. En la parte final se muestran las dificultades presentes de la enseñanza de la historia y las pautas de posible superación de las mismas (un intento de nuevo paradigma educativo), en conformidad con la investigación didáctica internacional ; The complexity of today's situation regarding history school teaching, besides the very important historiographic changes undergone in the past decades and the new purposes adscribed to history school teaching, has been even more highlighted due to the interest of some political and cultural groups in establishing some contents and a type of history teaching that have been the subject of controversy. To try to contextualize this general view, in the first section we systematically tackle the main characteristics of the controversy arisen regarding history teaching in Spain, contrasting the views expressed by several official authorities with the results obtained in some of the existing empirical researches. Secondly, the changes and the continuity that both teachers and school books have maintained during the past 10-20 ...

This work analyzes the influence of learning standards recently introduced in evaluation of History requirements applied in the fourth grade of secondary school in Spain (15-16 year olds). This is a descriptive study that incorporates content analysis and data quantification. The paper analyzes legislative texts and the different curricula used at the state level and in five autonomous communities, didactic programming and exams given in the 2016-2017 school year. To do so, it uses content analysis and an opinion survey sent by mail to five experts in social science didactics. The results show an assessment based on rote exams about conceptual and factual contents despite legislative changes. However, it notes glimpses of improvement in the history teaching-learning process through consideration of a new curriculum. ; Este trabajo analiza la influencia que tienen los estándares de aprendizaje introducidos recientemente en la evaluación de la asignatura de Historia que se aplica en cuarto curso de secundaria, en España (15-16 años). Es un estudio descriptivo que integra el análisis de contenido y la cuantificación de datos. Se analizaron textos legislativos, así como los diferentes currículos vigentes a nivel estatal y en cinco comunidades autónomas, las programaciones didácticas y los exámenes del curso académico 2016-2017. Para ello se recurrió al análisis de contenido y a la opinión de cinco expertos en didáctica de las ciencias sociales por medio de una encuesta remitida por correo. Los resultados muestran una evaluación basada en exámenes memorísticos sobre contenidos conceptuales y factuales a pesar de las modificaciones legislativas. Sin embargo, se han observado resquicios para la mejora del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la historia mediante el planteamiento de un nuevo currículo. ; Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación "La evaluación de las competencias y el desarrollo de capa- cidades cognitivas sobre Historia en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria" (EDU2015-65621-C3-2-R), financiado ...

Este artículo analiza el desarrollo de procesos de identificación social por parte de alumnado de primaria, y cómo este desarrollo tiene lugar recoge resultados de una investigación realizada en aulas de primaria por maestros en formación durante su estancia en prácticas. En la primera parte se discuten las ideas de identidad colectiva y políticas de la identidad, se aborda un recorrido por la escuela como contexto en el que se configura la identidad nacional, con un papel preponderante de la asignatura de historia. En la segunda parte y en contraposición a este predominio de la formación de identidades nacionales, combinado en la actualidad con una identificación con la Unión Europea, en la segunda parte se propone la apertura de procesos de identificación social que tomen como referentes con la educación patrimonial y la historia ; This paper analyses the development of processes of social identification by primary school students, and how this development occurs taking as starting point an alternative knowledge about their environment, which causes the modification of their initial perception of particular elements that they come to appropriate as a part of their heritage. The first section discusses the notions of collective identity and identity policies, and it examines the school as a context for the configuration of national identity, with a relevant role for the subject matter of history. In opposition to this predominance of the formation of national identities, currently combined with identification with the European Union, in the second section we propose the development of processes of social identification that would use as references heritage education and history ; SI

El patrimonio cultural y con él la imagen que se nos ofrece de sus elementos, suele actuar alegóricamente como marca de un destino turístico o como símbolo de una etapa histórica. La sensibilización de la sociedad opera mediante apropiaciones de elementos claves, que constituyen iconos en el imaginario colectivo. Los poderes públicos suelen adueñarse de edificios y lugares emblemáticos para construir con ellos unos referentes, sobre los que se subrayan los valores que interesan a su ideología. La capacidad de instrumentar políticamente el patrimonio se agrava a partir del siglo XX, cuando la manipulación icónica de las masas y la anestesia de la colectividad hace asumir como propias identidades (re)creadas bajo el paraguas del engaño. Como en todo proceso de construcción intelectual, estas apropiaciones dependen de los intereses y las proyecciones del intérprete. Por eso, es necesario despertar la mirada crítica de la ciudadanía hacia su memoria, y reflexionar sobre las restricciones ideológicas presentes en la identificación del patrimonio cultural. Esto se aprecia durante la etapa del franquismo, cuando se impone una idea de nación con mayor violencia simbólica. En ese esfuerzo de nacionalización se emplea el patrimonio como elemento de identidad. Y en lugares como Santiago de Compostela, cuya catedral se utiliza como santuario de la nueva cruzada, su intención legitimadora permite reflexionar sobre la relación entre patrimonio e ideología desde el punto de vista de los espacios patrimoniales y bajo el enfoque de la educación patrimonial. ; Cultural heritage and with it the image we are given by its elements, it tends to operate allegorically, as a tourist destination or as a symbol of a historical stage. As we know, the sensitization of the society operates by means of appropriations of key elements, which constitute icons in the collective imagination. Public authorities tend to take over buildings and landmarks to build with them some references on which, the values that are of ...

This paper presented the results of a heritage education intervention in a non-formal context via a collective photographic exhibition organised by a cultural association. In accordance with the Faro Convention on the value of cultural heritage for society, people's role in the construction and sustaining of their identity is recognised, and the fostering of shared responsibility towards the environment was sought. A mixed methodology was employed in order to evaluate the effects of participation in this project on the perception of heritage, to analyse what relationship there was between this conception and the photographic output, and to explain to what extent participation in a collective exhibition had an influence on the emotional resignification of everyday heritage. The results showed that the participants modified their traditional conception of heritage towards a symbolic-identity type, consciously questioned their relationship and commitment with everyday places, and rediscovered their environment by way of a contextualised learning sequence ; This research was funded by the Spanish Government's National R&D&I: Teaching competences aimed to improve student's learning (PGC2018-094491-B-C31) and co-funding from the ERDF of the EU ; SI

Una de las singularidades del paisaje costero de Galicia es la amplia presencia de depósitos edafo-­‐sedimentarios cuaternarios, de extraordinaria calidad en cuanto a la información que aportan. Una diferencia respecto al ámbito atlántico europeo. Registran la memoria de la tierra y pueden contemplarse como archivos que documentan cambios paleo-­‐ambientales a escala local, regional y global y contextos geomorfológicos relacionados con la historia humana. Imbuido por una renovada concepción del patrimonio, que valora las formaciones naturales más allá de su apreciación estética, el pensamiento científico ha comenzado a considerar estos depósitos como un bien patrimonial. Sin embargo, se produce una total desconexión entre estas aspiraciones y el reconocimiento de administración y ciudadanía. Desde la convicción de que solo se producirá un reajuste a través de una educación generadora de conciencia social sobre los paisajes geomorfológicos, en este trabajo se plantea la relevancia de una educación patrimonial de índole crítica; se propone un modelo de actuación focalizado en la formación inicial del profesorado y se avanzan algunos datos que muestren sus resultados. ; One of the distinctive features of the coastal landscape of Galicia is its great number of quaternary pedosedimentary deposits, which are of extraordinary quality in terms of the information which, they provide, making them stand out from the rest of the European Atlantic coast. They record the memory of the land and can be considered to be repositories documenting paleoenvironmental changes on local, regional and global levels, as well as geomorphological contexts related with human history. Imbued with a renewed understanding of heritage, which values natural formations beyond the appreciation of their aesthetic aspect, scientific thinking has begun to consider these deposits as cultural assets. However, a total disconnection arises between these aspirations and the recognition of such assets by the political administration and citizens. In the ...

The evaluation of programmes is necessary in order to improve their implementation and development. This paper includes the results of the evaluation of a heritage education programme entitled Patrimonializarte. It was carried out over the course of one academic year with six groups of early years, primary and secondary schoolchildren from two schools in Galicia (Spain). A holistic conception of heritage was assumed, and the evaluations of the opinion groups were gathered, analysing those of 59 direct and indirect agents (teachers, families, local heritage managers and members of the local authorities. The data were collected via questionnaires with open responses and discourse analysis was performed on the responses. The most significant results show that: (a) the teachers valued the methodology and the objectives achieved extremely positively; (b) the families particularly valued the significant learning achieved by their children regarding elements of local heritage; and (c) the local authorities and heritage managers valued the programme as it has demonstrated the need for more collaboration with schools. The programme analysed has been shown to be useful, efficient and effective and has achieved a (largely unexpected) impact on the families involved and on the local community. ; This article has been possible thanks to the research projects "Emotional dimensions and controversial issues in teacher education" (PGC2018-094491-B-C31) & "Methodological concepts and active learning methods for the improvement of teaching competencies" (PGC2018-094491-B-C33), funded by The Spanish Ministry of Science, Universities and Innovation, and co-funded by the ERDF of the European Union ; SI

This study analyses the role of Spanish teacher training students as narrators of what they consider to be the history of Spain. Results of this empirical study are based on a random sample of 103 narratives produced by trainee primary education teachers (20-22 years of age) studying at the University of Murcia. We are interested in understanding the role of students as agents of historical knowledge. Recent research in history education has stressed the need to vindicate the active role of students in the creation of historical narratives. How do students construct their accounts of history? How do they reflect narratives of school-taught history? Their narratives always reveal certain forms and skills employed to represent the past. This study focuses on this perspective. We have analysed their extra-curricular knowledge (family, social environments, mass media and other cultural products such as TV series, videogames, websites, etc.) and their memories of school history (curriculum, textbooks, teachers) using a mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology. Our qualitative methodology is based on grounded theory and, in order to analyse discourse, we have used quantitative methodology with the analysis of key events and historical figures present in the narrative, in an attempt to categorise second order concepts and sources of historical knowledge. In the results, essentialist and traditional representations of this historical knowledge can be appreciated. Reported major events are related to a traditional political reading of history and linked to genesis and nation-building events: showing heroes and antiheroes of a national narrative. Regarding the sources of knowledge, teachers' explanations, textbooks and museums are the factors most valued by students ; Este artigo é o resultado do proxecto EDU2015-65621-C3-R "Competencias sociales para una ciudadanía democrática: análisis, desarrollo y evaluación"; EDU2015-65621-C3-2-R "La evaluación de las competencias y el desarrollo de capacidades cognitivas sobre ...

This paper presents the results of a research project carried out in Portomarín, a small town in Galicia (Spain), which was flooded as a result of the construction of a dam in 1963. A new town was built a short distance away, but a strong sense of rootlessness remains among the inhabitants of the town. To what extent does the population of Portomarín recognise its memory regarding the forced removal as heritage? What means can be employed to incorporate the historical process of the forced removal into its identity? How can heritage education contribute towards the population overcoming these feelings of rootlessness? The inhabitants' conceptions of their forced removal were identified, and an educational activity was implemented in the town's school regarding the process of the removal. The hypothesis is confirmed that a community that does not foster intergenerational dialogue about its past (which in this case was traumatic) and does not develop its own strategy to assist in explaining and understanding its local history does not construct a shared identity ; This research has received funding from the Spanish Government's National R&D&I: Teaching competences aimed to improve student's learning (PGC2018-094491-B-C31) and co-funding from the ERDF of the EU ; SI