Suchergebnisse

Nos últimos 30 anos o sector agrario e o complexo agroalimentario galego tiveron que afrontar profundas mudanzas no seu marco de funcionamento como consecuencia dos cambios nos mercados, nas políticas e nas demandas da sociedade. Nese contexto o sector deu mostras nalgúns aspectos dun notable dinamismo e capacidade de resposta. Como exemplos cabe mencionar a expansión da produción láctea, que permitiu que Galicia se consolidara entre as dez primeiras rexións leiteiras da UE, ou o desenvolvemento de producións diferenciadas e de calidade principalmente no vacún de carne e no viño. No referido á tecnoloxía produtiva, o sector agrario mantivo un elevado esforzo investidor que, unido ao acelerado axuste da man de obra, posibilitou que o enorme atraso do que partía na dotación de capital por traballador fora superado. Tal esforzo investidor permitiu tamén a consolidación dun segmento de explotacións profesionais medianas, aínda minoritario, pero que constitúe xa o núcleo produtivo do sector. Porén, a pesar dos avances, o complexo agroalimentario segue presentando aquí fortes deficiencias, especialmente en dous aspectos: os déficits estruturais na base territorial das explotacións e nos usos da terra, e a debilidade da agroindustria. Estas deficiencias provocaron que nas tres últimas décadas se ampliara o saldo negativo da balanza agroalimentaria. ; In the last 30 years, the Galician agricultural and agri-food sector has had to face deep changes in its operating environment, as a result of changes in markets, policies and societal demands. In that context, the sector has shown in some aspects a remarkable dynamism and response capacity. Examples include the growth of milk production, which allowed Galicia to consolidate its position among the top ten dairy regions of the EU, or the development of differentiated and quality productions, mainly in beef and wine. With regard to production technology, the agricultural sector maintained a high investment effort which, coupled with the accelerated decrease in labor, made it possible to correct the low rate of capital per worker. This investment effort also allowed the consolidation of a set of medium-sized professional holdings, still minority in number but already the productive core of the sector. However, despite the advances, the agri-food chain continues to register strong deficiencies, especially in two aspects: structural deficits in the land base of farms and land uses, and the weakness of the agroindustry. Deficiencies that have caused an increase in the deficit of the agri-food trade balance in the last three decades. ; En los últimos 30 años el sector agrario y el complejo agroalimentario gallego han tenido que afrontar profundas transformaciones en su marco de funcionamiento como consecuencia de los cambios en los mercados, las políticas y las demandas de la sociedad. En ese contexto el sector ha dado muestras en algunos aspectos de un notable dinamismo y capacidad de respuesta. Como ejemplos cabe mencionar la expansión de la producción láctea, que ha permitido que Galicia se consolidara entre las 10 primeras regiones lácteas de la UE, o el desarrollo de producciones diferenciadas y de calidad, principalmente en el vacuno de carne y el vino. En lo que respecta a la tecnología productiva, el sector agrario ha mantenido un elevado esfuerzo inversor que, unido al acelerado ajuste de la mano de obra, hizo posible que el enorme retraso del que partía en la dotación de capital por trabajador fuese superado. Tal esfuerzo inversor ha permitido también la consolidación de un segmento de explotaciones profesionales medianas, aún minoritario, pero que constituye ya el núcleo productivo del sector. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avances, el complejo agroalimentario sigue presentando aquí fuertes deficiencias, especialmente en dos aspectos: los déficits estructurales en la base territorial de las explotaciones y en los usos de la tierra, y la debilidad de la agroindustria. Estas deficiencias han provocado que en las últimas tres décadas se ampliara el saldo negativo de la balanza agroalimentaria.

Agricultural land abandonment is a relevant occurrence in mountainous and peripheral regions all over the world. While both positive and negative environmental consequences of this abandonment are documented (depending on the specific location and scale), in rural areas it is always linked to a reduction in production and income. To address some of these problems, the several administrative layers within the European Union (EU) have put in place public policies that focus either on the immediate causes or on the consequences. Policies aimed at promoting recultivating formerly abandoned fields have usually tried simultaneously to address both the causes (e.g., to increase farm productivity/output) and the consequences (i.e., to manage fields according to specific criteria), but the potential economic outcomes of these measures are unknown. In this paper, we estimate the effect of recultivation of abandoned farmland on the economy of a case study region in NW Spain (Galicia). We propose that this effect can be used to guide decisions on the viable expenditure levels of recultivation policy. Concerning the methodology, we relied upon geographic information systems to show the area of land suitable for recultivation is relevant: i.e. recultivation policies could result in an increase of at least 16% of current farmland. Using Standard Production Coefficients per hectare we show that the total output (at constant prices) generated by the recultivation of abandoned land would amount to 413.3 million euros/year. Calculations based on input output methods suggest that the benefits of the recultivation policies would be an increase of 1% of the total regional Gross Value Added (GVA). We show that the input-output methods underestimate the benefits of cultivation policies based on total factor productivity (TFP) improvements, which fundamentally come from the reallocation of factors among the rest of the sectors of the economy. In particular, if recultivation policies increase agricultural TFP by 26% (in order to increase ...