Suchergebnisse

One of the predominant trends observed in recent years in the field of accounting is the improvement of financial information both in the area of standardization and the increase of information in new areas. This trend opens a series of new fields that pose challenges in relation to the need for discussion by professionals, academics, businessmen, auditors or government institutions and originate new areas of research, study and development of the accounting profession. In relation to the new challenges posed by the changes introduced in the requirements, scope and contents of the accounting information, the most relevant are derived from the process of accounting convergence that is taking place worldwide and the increase in the volume of information disclosed, constituting a research field reports non-financial information and its audit or supervision. ; Una de las tendencias predominantes que se observan en los últimos años en el ámbito de la contabilidad es la mejora de la información financiera tanto en el ámbito de la normalización como del incremento de información en nuevas áreas. Esta tendencia abre una serie de nuevos campos que suponen retos en relación con la necesidad de la discusión por parte de profesionales, académicos, empresarios, auditores o instituciones gubernamentales y originan nuevas áreas de investigación, estudio y de desarrollo de la profesión contable. En relación con los nuevos retos que plantean los cambios introducidos en los requisitos, alcance y contenidos de la información contable, los más relevantes se derivan del proceso de convergencia contable que está teniendo lugar a nivel mundial y el incremento del volumen de información divulgada, constituyendo un campo de investigación los informes de información no financiera y su auditoría o supervisión.

Dans un contexte d'exigences accrues en termes d'imputabilité et de transparence dans la gestion, nous analysons dans quelle mesure les mécanismes de gouvernance d'entreprise (CG, pour « Corporate Governance ») ont été adoptés et définissons le modèle de gouvernance dans les universités en Colombie. Dans le domaine de l'enseignement supérieur, il n'y a généralement pas d'exigences obligatoires en matière de gouvernance d'entreprise. Néanmoins, les mécanismes de gouvernance sont aujourd'hui essentiels pour déterminer les objectifs, les stratégies et l'orientation des universités. C'est sur la base d'une enquête menée auprès de 81 recteurs d'établissements d'enseignement supérieur en Colombie que nous analysons les modèles de gouvernance d'entreprise adoptés (modèles managériaux et modèles pour les parties prenantes). Les résultats contribuent à une meilleure compréhension des concepts clés de la CG dans les universités. Remarques à l'intention des praticiens On prend de plus en plus conscience de l'importance d'améliorer les mécanismes de gouvernance qui peuvent contribuer à améliorer l'efficacité et l'efficience de la gestion des ressources et à sensibiliser la société. L'analyse des principaux modèles de CG, à savoir le modèle pour les parties prenantes et le modèle managérial, ainsi que la manière dont les universités colombiennes introduisent ces modèles pourraient servir à promouvoir l'établissement d'un cadre juridique commun. Ce modèle devrait être souple et inclure différentes opinions et préférences. Les résultats peuvent être utiles et pourraient être transposés à d'autres pays présentant des caractéristiques similaires.

In a context of greater demands in terms of accountability and transparency in management, we analyse the extent to which Corporate Governance (CG) mechanisms have been adopted and we define the model of governance in universities in Colombia. In the field of higher education, there are usually no compulsory requirements related to CG. Nevertheless, governance mechanisms are nowadays crucial in determining the objectives, strategies and direction of universities. Based on a survey of 81 rectors of higher education institutions in Colombia, we analyse the models of CG adopted (managerial and stakeholder models). The results contribute to a better understanding of key CG concepts at universities.Points for practitionersThere is an increasing awareness of the importance of improving the mechanisms of governance that may help to achieve greater effectiveness and efficiency in the management of resources and awareness of society. The analysis of the predominant CG models, the stakeholder model and the managerial model, and the way in which Colombian universities are introducing these models could be used to promote the establishment of a common legal framework. This model should be flexible and include different opinions and preferences. The results may be useful and could be transferred to other countries that have the same characteristics.

This work was supported by the Education and Research Service of the Madrid regional government and the European Social Fund [grant numbers PEJD-2017-PRE/SOC-4289 and PEJD-2018-PRE/SOC-8898] . ; Although consumption-based asset pricing constitutes a solid body of work for the purpose of relating asset prices and macroeconomics, most empirical tests put into question the representative investor perspective. Furthermore, most approaches accounting for untraded risks, such as the Constantinides-Duffie model, face the problem of correctly quantifying idiosyncratic risk. In this paper we exploit the strong relationship of income inequality with trade openness and research and development (R&D) investment to proxy the cross-sectional variance of consumption growth by the growth rate of imports plus exports (trade openness) and the growth of the domestic expenditure in R&D. Moreover, we use these variables as a part of the information set used by investors to determine the unconditional version of the conditional consumption-capital asset pricing model (CCAPM). Our results show that both trade openness and R&D investment allow the linearized version of the Constantinides-Duffie model and the conditional CCAPM to greatly outperform the classic CCAPM for different sorts of stock portfolios, contributing significantly to reducing pricing errors. Hence, our results constitute a step forward in the attempt to relate asset prices and income inequality in a tractable way. ; Education and Research Service of the Madrid regional government ; European Social Fund (ESF) PEJD-2017-PRE/SOC-4289 PEJD-2018-PRE/SOC-8898

Corporate philanthropy, as an expression of commitment to the common good, can contribute to the creation of social value in companies. This corporate philanthropy can be managed in various ways. The choice of how to channel corporate philanthropy could be, in accordance with stakeholder theory, the result of companies' interactions with key stakeholders and, in accordance with the theory of signaling, a signal that companies use to respond to their demands. This approach contributes to the literature on bottom-up initiatives (stakeholder–managers) as opposed to top-down strategies (board–stakeholders) in relation to corporate social responsibility, which is becoming increasingly important in a society where networks of communication, cooperation and interaction are established. To this end, a study was conducted on 221 European companies indexed in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices in the year 2018. The findings have several practical implications: The management of corporate philanthropy should take into account the stakeholders' requirements, and stakeholders show greater affinity and trust with the company when philanthropy is channeled through foundations. By contrast, donations are not associated with stakeholder attitudes. As a theoretical implication, this paper supports the theories of stakeholders and signaling by explaining the role of philanthropy in the relationship with stakeholders. ; RD PROJECTS ; European Union (EU) B1-SEJ-387-UGR18