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This paper first portrays the equilibrium payoff of enterprise's cooperation of environmental governance based on the Cournot model. Secondly, the evolutionary game model in complex networks is adopted to depict the evolution of environmental governance cooperative behavior among enterprises. Further, the evolutionary process of environmental governance cooperative behavior of enterprises is simulated considering the supervision behavior of government and the reputation evaluation behavior of environmental social organization. The results show that the cooperation level of enterprise group under self-organization condition will reach a low level; the supervision of government can enhance the cooperation level of enterprise group with high betrayal tempatation while it has limited effect on enterprise group with low betrayal tempatation. The reputation evaluation behavior of environmental social organization can realize reputation effect to improve the the cooperation level of enterprise group with high betrayal tempatation. The enhance of reputation sensitivity can optimize equilibrium distribution of reputation and it can strengthen the reputation effect on cooperation level. Based on the analysis above, the suggestions to effectively improve cooperation level are given.

While previous studies largely focus on extreme events, little is known about the behaviors of mild weather, a positive and pleasant condition occurring frequently, directly associated with outdoor activities, and highly relatable to the public. Here we examine the climatological characteristics and long-term trends of mild weather over China during 1971–2014, as well as the possible linkage with the El Niño−Southern Oscillation. It is found that, on average, China experiences 94.5 days (25.4% of all days) of mild weather in a year, and the annual number of mild days increased by 1.02% per decade (3.73 days per decade) during 1971–2014, especially in summer (1.54% per decade), spring (1.49% per decade), and autumn (1.03% per decade). We also find that most parts of China have been experiencing increasing mild weather in 1971–1998 but decreasing in 1998–2014. Clustering analysis reveals six subregions that exhibit distinct mild weather behaviors. In particular, harsh seasons (i.e., summer of southern China and winter of northern China) are becoming even less pleasant. Besides these secular trends, it is also noticed that El Niño event in the preceding winter is followed by less pleasant spring and summer and more pleasant autumn and winter in most areas of China. The results reported here have significant implications for urban planners and governmental policymakers.

Rapid product/process realization and enterprise integration have been identified among the major imperatives for enabling the next generation manufacturing paradigm. This paper proposes a virtual factory modeling approach to support these imperatives. A virtual factory is defined as an integrated simulation model of major subsystems in a factory that considers the factory as a whole and provides an advanced decision support capability. It seeks to go beyond the typical modeling of one sub‐system at a time, such as the manufacturing model, the business process model and/or the communication network model developed individually and in isolation. A basic virtual factory model of a semi‐conductor backend factory has been developed for concept demonstration. Application examples are used to demonstrate the integration between business processes and manufacturing system performance. Future work will move further towards the development of the complete virtual factory and its industry applications.

We investigated observer metamerism under a variety of viewing conditions, in a set of color-matching experiments using displays and printed color samples under specific light sources. A selection was made of light sources with different illuminances, spectral power distributions, and correlated color temperatures, as well as displays with different sets of primaries. A panel of 157 observers with normal color vision and ages between 20 and 59 years old performed 5465 visual color matches around 9 different color centers. The results from the simulated and real experiments were quite different. Specifically, the mean color difference from the mean changed with experimental viewing conditions, ranging from 0.73 to 1.64 CIELAB units (average 0.99 CIELAB units) in simulated experiments, and from 3.12 to 4.03 CIELAB units (average 3.55 CIELAB units) in real experiments. In real experiments, observers' variability reduced for light sources with high illuminance and high correlated color temperature. Spectral power distributions affected observer metamerism, but the role played by the primaries of the two displays employed was unclear. ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC), 61675029. Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Government of Spain, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) of the European Union, research project FIS2016-80983-P.

12 páginas, 7 figuras, 1 tabla. Material suplementario en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)01025-0. The SUS1 sequences have been deposited in GenBank with the accession number AY278445. ; Gene expression is a coordinated multistep process that begins with transcription and RNA processing in the nucleus followed by mRNA export to the cytoplasm for translation. Here we report the identification of a protein, Sus1, which functions in both transcription and mRNA export. Sus1 is a nuclear protein with a concentration at the nuclear pores. Biochemical analyses show that Sus1 interacts with SAGA, a large intranuclear histone acetylase complex involved in transcription initiation, and with the Sac3-Thp1 complex, which functions in mRNA export with specific nuclear pore proteins at the nuclear basket. DNA macroarray analysis revealed that Sus1 is required for transcription regulation. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Sus1 is associated with the promoter of a SAGA-dependent gene during transcription activation. Finally, mRNA export is impaired in sus1 mutants. These data provide an unexpected connection between the SAGA histone acetylase complex and the mRNA export machinery ; This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 352, Leibniz-Programm) and Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, R.R. by a grant from NIH, and J.E.P.-O. was supported by (GEN2001-4707-C08-07) from Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a and (QLRI-CT-1999-01333) from the European Union. S.R.-N. is a holder of a Marie Curie fellowship. ; Peer reviewed