Suchergebnisse

The olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) is a novel disease recently emerged in southern Italy and currently threating the Mediterranean olive-growing area. The disease was found to be associated with infections caused by the exotic bacterium X. fastidiosa, well known in the Americas as the causal agent of severe diseases of important crops, i.e. grapevine and citrus. In these species, looking for resistance is regarded as one of the most promising long term control strategies. In olives, cultivars displaying differential phenotypes have been observed in the field, with symptoms ranging from virtually no decline and limited desiccation in Leccino and FS-17® to severe decline and death cvs Cellina di Nardo and Ogliarola Salentina. However, the large variability of olive genetic resources, including both cultivated and wild olives remains to be explored. Several experiments are currently ongoing aiming at detecting new sources of resistance in plant materials representative of the genetic and geographical variability of the species, including commercial cultivars, genotypes from other Olea europaea subspecies, and selections from breeding programs. Identified resistant sources could serve as parental for breeding programs, as currently underway for other vascular diseases such as Verticillium wilt. The status and challenges of the currently ongoing activities will be presented. ; Acknowledgment This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N. 727987 "Xylella fastidiosa Active Containment Through a multidisciplinary-Oriented Research Strategy XF-ACTORS".

Purpose of the studyMaraviroc (MVC) is the first CCR5 inhibitor licensed for clinical use. A pre‐treatment test is mandatory to identify R5 tropic patients. Aim of this study is to detect indications and results of tropism test and to evaluate efficacy and tolerability of MVC‐based regimen.MethodsAn observational retrospective multicentre study was performed in Sicily in 15 Infectious Diseases Units. Clinical records of 213 screened for tropism HIV+ subjects were reviewed for age, sex, risk, clinical stage (CDC, CD4 cell count, HIV RNA viral load), therapeutic line, indication and result of test for tropism; within subjects treated with MVC, HIV RNA, CD4 cell count and metabolic parameters trend and adverse events were analysed.Summary of resultsMedian age 44 (IQR 30–50) years, 67.1% males; 46.3% heterosexuals, 28.6% MSMs, 21.4% IVDUs; 23.7% CDC A, 32.1% CDC B, 44.2% CDC C; median CD4 was 217 (IQR 121–374) cells/µl and mean of HIV RNA was 4.72 (Cl 95% 4.07–4.67) log10 copies/ml; median therapeutic line was 4 (IQR 2–7). 80.8% were submitted to Trofile™ test, 19.2% to genotypic test, 75.5% after a therapeutic failure. 56.8% of subjects screened were R5, 7.5% X4, 21.6% DM, 14% undefined. All X4 patients were tested after a therapeutic failure; patients screened for toxicity were more frequently R5 (75%) (p<0.01). 76 (35.7%) multi‐experienced (at baseline 8% HIV RNA<50 copies/ml, median CD4 cell count 219 (IQR 124–345) cells/µl) subjects were treated with MVC plus an optimized background treatment: MVC was associated in 74% of cases with a protease inhibitors (56% darunavir/ritonavir), in 42% with raltegravir, in 56% with a NUC‐sparing regimen. After 12 months of treatment 56.8% (ITT analysis) and 61.7% (AT) of patients had HIV RNA<50 copies/ml; median CD4 cell count was 387 (IQR 222–455) cells/µl. After 24 months 64.8% (ITT) 80% (AT) had HIV‐RNA<50 copies/ml. Median CD4 cell count was 381 (IQR 218.515) cells/µl with a median increase of 168 (IQR 54–274) cells/µl. At 24 months median value of total and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were within the normal range. 7 patients stopped the treatment: 2 died, 1 adverse event, 4 virological failure.ConclusionsAlthough the test has been proposed to patients with long treatment history and failure, only 3/5 of R5 tropic patients were treated with MVC. An high number of multi‐experienced subjects treated with a MVC‐based regimen obtained HIV RNA<50 copies/ml and a satisfactory increase of CD4 cell count.