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Systematic observation and a questionnaire format were used to investigate the relationship between posture sharing and self-report indications of rapport in a group situation-college seminar classrooms. A pattern of significant positive correlations revealed that the greater the amount of mirroring and congruent postures evidenced by students vis-à-vis the teacher, the higher the ratings of involvement. Conversely, a significant negative relationship was found between amount of incongruent posture display and reports of interest. Implications of the findings for group dynamics and environmental design are discussed.

When asked to pick a typical human, people are more likely to pick a man than a woman, a phenomenon reflecting androcentrism. Social media websites provide a relevant context in which to study androcentrism since many websites aim to provide users with an ostensibly gender-neutral icon if users do not upload one of their own images. In our first study, 50 male and female online participants (Mage = 35.70) rated whether actual avatar icons from highly trafficked social media websites are perceived as gender-neutral. Using bi-polar scales from woman to man participants reported that overall the icons appeared to be more male-typed than gender-neutral. In Study 2, we investigated whether adding more female-typed icons would discourage or promote androcentric thinking. An online sample of 608 male and female participants (Mage = 33.76) viewed either 12 avatar icons that reflected the over-representation of male-typed icons or 12 that included an equal number of male and female-typed icons. Participants were then asked to produce an example of a typical person. Finally, we measured political ideology on two liberal-conservative scales. We found evidence that exposure to an equal number of male-typed and female-typed avatar icons generated reactance among political conservatives, and thus may have constituted an ideological threat. Conservatives who saw an equal number of male-typed and female-typed icons were twice as likely to come up with a man as a typical person compared to conservatives who saw an over-representation of male-typed avatar icons. Consistent with system-justification theory, these findings show how male-centric thinking is also evident in a seemingly gender-neutral online context.

Argues that women's superior ability to decode nonverbal communication -- eg, facial expressions & vocal intonations -- is a product of their subordinate social position. The oppression hypothesis contends that women's superiority in this field is necessary to discern the expressions of those with more power. The conclusions of J. A. Hall & A. G. Halberstadt (1981), which refute the oppression hypothesis, are criticized as uninformed & incorrect. 75 References. M. Greenberg