Suchergebnisse

How plant and animal species conservation became part of urban planning in Berlin, and how the science of ecology contributed to this change.Although nature conservation has traditionally focused on the countryside, issues of biodiversity protection also appear on the political agendas of many cities. One of the emblematic examples of this now worldwide trend has been the German city of Berlin, where, since the 1970s, urban planning has been complemented by a systematic policy of "biotope protection"--at first only in the walled city island of West Berlin, but subsequently across the whole of the reunified capital. In Greening Berlin, Jens Lachmund uses the example of Berlin to examine the scientific and political dynamics that produced this change.After describing a tradition of urban greening in Berlin that began in the late nineteenth century, Lachmund details the practices of urban ecology and nature preservation that emerged in West Berlin after World War II and have continued in post-unification Berlin. He tells how ecologists and naturalists created an ecological understanding of urban space on which later nature-conservation policy was based. Lachmund argues that scientific change in ecology and the new politics of nature mutually shaped or "co-produced" each other under locally specific conditions in Berlin. He shows how the practices of ecologists coalesced with administrative practices to form an institutionally embedded and politically consequential "nature regime."Lachmund's study sheds light not only on the changing place of nature in the modern city but also on the political use of science in environmental conflicts, showing the mutual formation of science, politics, and nature in an urban context.

Hands-on activities of shaping and maintaining urban public green spaces, in short, "stewardship," have become a flourishing field of civic engagement. It is the aim of this article to find out how citizenship is enacted in the everyday practice of stewardship, and how such an analysis can benefit from theories of "material participation" and "practice." It explores this theme through a case study of the greening of tree-pits in Berlin. The article asks: (1) how people, through their doing of stewardship, engage with the tangible places that they take care of, and (2) how connections between stewardship, its focal places, and other practices shape and sustain wider public concerns. Thereby, it identifies three intersecting and materially grounded "civic nexuses of practices," which each imply specific constructions of citizenship: civic neighboring, managed volunteering, and political mobilization. It explores how each of these nexuses emerges from the convergence of practices around the tree-pit, and probes the tensions and conflicts that they entail. In contrast to authors who have either cherished stewardship as a form of citizen empowerment, or, in line with Foucauldian governmentality studies, as the formation of governable citizen-subjects, the article emphasizes the politically ambiguous dynamics through which stewards practice their citizenship.

Hands-on activities of shaping and maintaining urban public green spaces, in short, "stewardship," have become a flourishing field of civic engagement. It is the aim of this article to find out how citizenship is enacted in the everyday practice of stewardship, and how such an analysis can benefit from theories of "material participation" and "practice." It explores this theme through a case study of the greening of tree-pits in Berlin. The article asks: (1) how people, through their doing of stewardship, engage with the tangible places that they take care of, and (2) how connections between stewardship, its focal places, and other practices shape and sustain wider public concerns. Thereby, it identifies three intersecting and materially grounded "civic nexuses of practices," which each imply specific constructions of citizenship: civic neighboring, managed volunteering, and political mobilization. It explores how each of these nexuses emerges from the convergence of practices around the tree-pit, and probes the tensions and conflicts that they entail. In contrast to authors who have either cherished stewardship as a form of citizen empowerment, or, in line with Foucauldian governmentality studies, as the formation of governable citizen-subjects, the article emphasizes the politically ambiguous dynamics through which stewards practice their citizenship.

Hillary Angelo: How Green Became Good - Urbanized Nature and the Making of Cities and Citizens. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press 2021. 978-0226739045

The student papers that are published in this report probe the proliferation of product labels from a cultural science perspective, and thereby aim to contribute to a critical public debate on this development. Instead of seeing labels as conveyors of neutral technical information that provide consumers with a rational base for their market decisions, they seek to "open the black box" of labelling. What have been the guiding economic and political narratives through which labelling has been promoted and legitimised as a technology of market governance? Which institutions and actors have been involved in the process of labelling and how have they shaped the scope and content of labelling information? How do labels achieve and maintain trust among their target audiences? And finally, how do targeted firms as well as consumers "read" labels and integrate them into their own action repertoires and moral identities?

With the introduction of the technique of auscultation in nineteenth-century medicine, the auditory became a most important means of producing diagnostic knowledge. The correct classification and interpretation of the sounds revealed by auscultation, however, remained an issue of negotiation and often controversy throughout the mid-nineteenth century. This article examines the codification of lung sounds within two cultural and geographic contexts: first, the original approach as it was developed by Laennec and his followers in Paris that came to be dominant in French medicine, and second, the alternative approach that grew out of Joseph Skoda's reception of Laennec's method in Vienna and became widely adopted in the German-speaking world. On one hand, it will be argued that lung sound classifications attempted a standardization of the perception and the interpretation of auscultation sounds. On the other hand, it will be shown that the development of auscultation sounds was shaped by the local context in which it took place. This article seeks to shed light on the way in which auditory experiences were instrumentalized for epistemic purposes in medicine. Furthermore, it discusses the role of standardization both as a mechanism for the universalization of knowledge and as a contextually bounded practice.

Anhand des Beispiels des Abhorchens mit dem Stethoskop sollen in diesem Buch die historischen Grundlagen diagnostischer Deutungskompetenz in der modernen Medizin analysiert werden.

"This book uses 'politics of urban knowledge' as a lens to understand how professionals, administrations, scholars, and social movements have surveyed, evaluated and theorized the city, identified problems, and shaped and legitimized practical interventions in planning and administration. Urbanization has been accompanied, and partly shaped by, the formation of the city as a distinct domain of knowledge. This volume uses 'politics of urban knowledge' as a lens to develop a new perspective on urban history and urban planning history. Through case studies of mainly 19th and 20th century examples, the book demonstrates that urban knowledge is not simply a neutral means to represent cities as pre-existing entities, but rather the outcome of historically contingent processes and practices of urban actors addressing urban issues and the power relations in which they are embedded. It shows how urban knowledge-making has reshaped the categories, rationales, and techniques through which urban spaces were produced, governed and contested, and how the knowledge concerned became performative of newly emerging urban orders. The volume will be of interest to scholars and students in the field of urban history and urban studies, as well as the history of technology, science and knowledge and of science studies"--

Introduction : knowing nature, making space / Raf de Bont and Jens Lachmund -- Mapping Heimat : amateur natural history and plant ecology in imperial Germany / Nils Güttler -- Life zones : the rise and decline of a theory of the geographic distribution of species / Roderick P. Neumann -- A laboratory for tropical ecology : colonial models and American science at Cinchona, Jamaica / Megan Raby -- Field stations and the problem of scale : local, regional, and global at the Desert Lab / Jeremy Vetter -- Ecology and rehabilitation : the west highland survey / Mark Toogood -- Ecosystem simulation as a practice of emplacement : the Desert Biome Project, 1970-1974 / Etienne S. Benson -- The city as an ecosystem : Paul Duvigneaud and the ecological study of Brussels / Jens Lachmund -- Extinct in the wild : finding a place for the European bison, 1919-1952 / Raf De Bont -- Islands and bioregions : global reserve design models and the making of national parks, 1960-2000 / Simone Schleper and Hans Schouwenburg -- Space, place, land, and sea : the "ecological discovery" of the global Wadden Sea / Anna-Katharina Wöbse -- Epilogue / Raf de Bont and Jens Lachmund

Introduction : toward an urban history of science /Sven Dierig, Jens Lachmund and J. Andrew Mendelsohn --The city of Paris and the rise of clinical medicine /Dora B. Weiner and Michael J. Sauter --Friends of nature : urban sociability and regional natural history in Dresden, 1800-1850 /Denise Phillips --Science in a Chinese entrepôt : British naturalists and their Chinese associates in old Canton /Fa-Ti Fan --The fading star of the Paris Observatory in the nineteenth century : astronomers' urban culture of circulation and observation /David Aubin --Organizing sight, seeing organization : the diverging optical possibilities of city and country /Theresa Levitt --Engines for experiment : laboratory revolution and industrial labor in the nineteenth-century city /Sven Dierig --Nineteenth-century urban cartography and the scientific ideal : the case of Paris /Antoine Picone --The microscopist of modern life /J. Andrew Mendelsohn --'The city of din' : decibels, noise, and neighbors in the Netherlands, 1910-1980 /Karin Busterveld --Anomie in the metropolis : the city in American sociology and psychiatry /Hans Pols --'Traditional working-class neighborhoods' : an inquiry into the emergence of a sociological model in the 1950s and 1960s /Christian Topalov --Exploring the city of rubble : botanical fieldwork in bombed cities in Germany after World War II /Jens Lachmund --Dreaming the new Atlantis : science and the planning of Technopolis, 1955-1985 /Rosemary Wakeman.

This collection is the outcome of a Maastricht Research Based Learning Project (MARBLE) that took place at the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Maastricht University in spring 2011. Under the guidance of Jens Lachmund (who is a lecturer at that faculty) a group of nine students worked on eight distinct case-studies on the culture and politics of product labelling.