Suchergebnisse

"Brilliant, Crazy, Cocky is the story about that top 1% of people whom Lacy calls "true entrepreneurs", and upon whom she has bestowed the title of Outside Entrepreneurs. This group is a complex, cultural mash-up, comprised in part of those 19th century, old-world immigrants who started fledgling businesses because they had no other options, as well as the 21st century Silicon Valley whiz kids backed by millions in sophisticated investor cash. They are a product of their own cultures and our own turbulent economic times. Outside Entrepreneurs are those who are taking local turmoil and turning it into opportunities--earning billions in U.S. cash. To tell this story, Lacy spends six weeks in six different cities around the world -- London, England; Tel Aviv, Israel; Kigali, Rwanda; Mumbai, India; Beijing, China and Guadalajara, Mexico -- that are standing on the brink of economic and political opportunity and volatility. The individuals that she follows are distinct products of their own cultures, yet they share that same unmistakable cocktail of delusion, ambition, and brilliance that's driven Bill Gates, Fred Smith, Donald Trump, and every other iconic American entrepreneur of the last few decades."--

AbstractThe Paleo‐fantasy of a deep history to a sexual division of labor, often described as "Man the Hunter and Woman the Gatherer," continues to dominate the literature. We see it used as the default hypothesis in anatomical and physiological reconstructions of the past as well as studies of modern people evoking evolutionary explanations. However, the idea of a strict sexual labor division in the Paleolithic is an assumption with little supporting evidence, which reflects a failure to question how modern gender roles color our reconstructions of the past. Here we present examples to support women's roles as hunters in the past as well as challenge oft‐cited interpretations of the material culture. Such evidence includes stone tool function, diet, art, anatomy and paleopathology, and burials. By pulling together the current state of the archaeological evidence along with the modern human physiology presented in the accompanying paper (Ocobock and Lacy, this issue), we argue that not only are women well‐suited to endurance activities like hunting, but there is little evidence to support that they were not hunting in the Paleolithic. Going forward, paleoanthropology should embrace the idea that all sexes contributed equally to life in the past, including via hunting activities.

AbstractMyths of "Man the Hunter" and male biological superiority persist in interpretations and reconstructions of human evolution. Although there are uncontroversial average biological differences between females and males, the potential physiological advantages females may possess are less well‐known and less well‐studied. Here we review and present emerging physiological evidence that females may be metabolically better suited for endurance activities such as running, which could have profound implications for understanding subsistence capabilities and patterns in the past. We discuss the role of estrogen and adiponectin as respective key modulators of glucose and fat metabolism, both of which are critical fuels during long endurance activities. We also discuss how differences in overall body composition, muscle fiber composition, the metabolic cost of load carrying, and self‐pacing may provide females with increased endurance capacities. Highlighting these potential advantages provides a physiological framework that complements existing archaeological (Lacy and Ocobock, this issue) and cultural work reassessing female endurance and hunting capabilities as well as the sexual division of labor. Such a holistic approach is critical to amending our current understanding of hu(wo)man evolution.