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As recently as the early 1970s, the news media was one of the most respected institutions in the United States. Yet by the 1990s, this trust had all but evaporated. Why has confidence in the press declined so dramatically over the past 40 years? And has this change shaped the public's political behavior? This book examines waning public trust in the institutional news media within the context of the American political system and looks at how this lack of confidence has altered the ways people acquire political information and form electoral preferences. Jonathan Ladd argues that in the 195.

This article argues that the modern American partisan gender gap – the tendency of men to identify more as Republicans and less as Democrats than women – emerged largely because of mass-level ideological party sorting. As the two major US political parties ideologically polarized at the elite level, the public gradually perceived this polarization and better sorted themselves into the parties that matched their policy preferences. Stable pre-existing policy differences between men and women caused this sorting to generate the modern US partisan gender gap. Because education is positively associated with awareness of elite party polarization, the partisan gender gap developed earlier and is consistently larger among those with college degrees. The study finds support for this argument from decades of American National Election Studies data and a new large dataset of decades of pooled individual-level Gallup survey responses.

Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Information -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- The Changed Information Environment of Presidential Campaigns -- What Might Have Made News: Big Issues, Historic Candidates, and Hillary Clinton's Strange Email Scandal -- What the Media Covered, Journalists Tweeted, and the Public Heard about the Candidates -- The August 2015 Republican Debate: A Study of Information Flow in the 2015-2016 Republican Nomination Contest -- The Language and Tone of the 2016 Campaign -- The Things People Heard about Trump and Clinton -- Public Attention to Events in the 2016 Election -- What Mattered? -- Fake News Production and Consumption -- Conclusions: Determining What (Words) Mattered -- Appendix: Data and Methods -- Notes -- Bibliography -- About the Authors -- Index -- Back Cover.