Übersicht über die Entwicklung der venezolanischen Architektur von der präkolumbischen Epoche über die Kolonialzeit unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Ausdrucks klimatischer und umweltbedingter Einflüsse in der architektonischen Gestaltung präkapitalistischer Bauten. Darstellung traditioneller Kontruktionsprinzipien für die Schaffung kühler Räume und geschlossener mikroklimatischer Systeme. Informationen über den gegenwärtigen Stand der künstlichen Ventilations- und Klimatechnik und ihren Anteil an der nationalen Energiebilanz
The ecological r's of neighborhood mortality levels in a large Ur center are examined. The focus is upon the identification of the relative contribution of demographic, environmental, & soc org'al variables to the explanation of diff's in Ur subarea death rates. Data was derived from the city of Columbus, Ohio. A causal model of path analysis is developed that links mortality to a network of demographic, environmental, & soc phenomena. Through the study of the total network of relationships among the variables, more insight may be gained into the mechanisms through which soc, demographic, & environmental factors influence Ur mortality rates. It is hoped that this approach will aid in a fuller theoretical understanding of diff'ial Ur mortality & lay the ground-work for more comprehensive attacks upon excessive local mortality levels. Analysis involved multiple r regression from which the collective impact of the variables upon mortality as well as the general contribution of each independent variable to mortality's explanation were assessed. Then a causal ordering of key independent variables was hyp'ed on the basis of both the r analysis & past res. This was graphically depicted in a path diagram. Then the path coefficients called for in the model were solved, the model was modified on the basis of the calculated path values by eliminating low values & the coefficients specified in the revised model were calculated. The r matrix based on the revised model was developed, & the predicted r was compared with those originally observed; the adequacy of the model was thereby confirmed. Through tabular analysis of combinations of key independent variables the conditions were specified under which Ur mortality levels are the highest. It is found that mortality rates are sensitive to the total soc & ecological system in general, & to problems of poverty, poor housing, & aging in particular. 3 Tables, 2 Figures. M. Maxfield.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan of the genus Leishmania. The disease is transmitted by the bite of a sand fly vector. Although the main reservoirs are dogs, other hosts can be infected and may play this role. Rio Grande do Sul western region, located on the triple border of Brazil-Uruguay-Argentina, represents a VL transmission area. The goal of the present study was to identify Leishmania spp. infection in animals from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul. Nine farms in the Uruguaiana municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, were included. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 113 animals (canine [n=22], equine [n=91]) for detection of Leishmania spp. DNA was isolated and polymerase chain reaction was performed. Eight (7%) animals with Leishmania spp. infection were detected on two farms in the same geographical area, seven of which were horses and one was canine, all of which were asymptomatic. To investigate the species of Leishmania, one of the positive equine samples was subjected to direct sequencing, which confirmed the presence of L. infantum genetic material. Results of this study confirm the presence of L. infantum-infected animals in rural areas of Uruguaiana, and provide evidence supporting further investigation of risk factors for dissemination in such areas.
