Suchergebnisse

1. Knowledge intensive sectors in moderate innovative countries in Europe: overcoming the missing links, stepping over barriers; Isobel Salavisa and Carim Vali. - Part II: How are social networks relevant for technological entrepreneurship? An overview of the literature and methdological options . - 2. Dynamics, structure and content of innovation networks: an overview of the literature; Jana Almodovar and Aurora Teixeira . - 3. Networks and technological entrepreneurship; Cristina Sousa and Margarida Fontes . - 4. Using social network analysis to study entrepreneurship: methodological issues; Cristina Sousa. - Part III: The role of social networks in the creation and development of knowledge-intensive sectors in Portugal and Italy. - 5. Setting the scene; Margarida Fontes, Isabel Salavisa and Pedro Videira . - 6. Social networks and the entrepreneurial process in molecular biotechnology in Portugal: from science to industry; Margarida Fontes, Cristina Sousa and Pedro Videira. - 7. Social networks and the entrepreneurial process in molecular biotechnology in Southern Italy; Lorella Cannavacciula, Guido Capaldo and Pierluigi Rippa. - 8. Social networks and the entrepreneurial process in software for telecommunications in Portugal; Isabel Salavisa, Pedro Videira and Carim Vali. - 9. Comparing sectoral networks in software and biotechnology; Margarida Fontes, Isabel Salavisa and Cristina Sousa. - 10. Knowledge networks and technological regimes in biotechnology and software: searching for explanatory factors; Isabel Salavisa, Margarida Fontes, Cristina Sausa and Pedro Videiro. - Part IV: Strategic and policy implications. - 11. Location matters. Networking behaviour in different national contexts; Margarida Fontes and Guido Capeldo. - 12. Conclusions Isabel Salavisa and Margarida Fontes

In a wide range of medical fields, technological advancements have led to an increase in the average collective dose in national populations worldwide. Periodic estimations of the average collective population dose due to medical exposure is, therefore of utmost importance, and is now mandatory in countries within the European Union (article 12 of EURATOM directive 97/43). Presented in this work is a report on the estimation of the collective dose in the Portuguese population due to nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures and the Top 20 diagnostic radiology examinations, which represent the 20 exams that contribute the most to the total collective dose in diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures in Europe. This work involved the collaboration of a multidisciplinary taskforce comprising representatives of all major Portuguese stakeholders (universities, research institutions, public and private healthcare providers, administrative services of the National Healthcare System, scientific and professional associations and private service providers). This allowed us to gather a comprehensive amount of data necessary for a robust estimation of the collective effective dose to the Portuguese population. The methodology used for data collection and dose estimation was based on European Commission recommendations, as this work was performed in the framework of the European wide Dose Datamed II project. This is the first study estimating the collective dose for the population in Portugal, considering such a wide national coverage and range of procedures and consisting of important baseline reference data. The taskforce intends to continue developing periodic collective dose estimations in the future. The estimated annual average effective dose for the Portuguese population was of 0.080±0.017 mSv caput(-1) for nuclear medicine exams and of 0.96±0.68 mSv caput(-1) for the Top 20 diagnostic radiology exams. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion