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This article assesses the state of research on political clientelism by examining two collections of recent articles on that subject. It finds that the collections include many descriptions of change in the nature of patron-client relationships as well as some models of political systems containing clientelist components and some two-case comparisons. But the collections contain no reports on attempts to test hypotheses concerning clientelism in a systematic fashion. This is explained in large part by the nature of patron-client relationships and other dyadic structures: They are amorphous, latent, elusive, and ubiquitous, and have certain problems of conception and explanation. The systematic testing of hypotheses will require ways to measure dyadic structures. Such measurement should first be carried out at the middle or institutional level of political systems. It is suggested that dyads may be identified and measured most easily if they are conceived as addenda attached to institutionalized relationships or structures.

The paper describes a "dyadic" type of political structure which, it is argued, is a necessary supplement to class and interest group models for the analysis of informal political structure in contemporary Southeast Asia, and probably in other developing areas.Various types of simple and complex dyadic structures are described. The paper then examines four Southeast Asian polities, of different degrees of political development, with attention to the manner in which they combine group and dyadic structures. The examples are the Kalinga, a pagan ethnolinguistic group of Northern Luzon; the Tausug, a Muslim group of the Sulu archipelago; the traditional Thai monarchy; and the present Republic of the Philippines. In each case the effects of structure upon the operation of the system are explored. The paper concludes with a set of paired propositions concerning the characteristics of "trait associations" and "personal followings."

The mass demonstrations that ousted President Joseph Estrada recalled those that had brought down dictator Ferdinand Marcos 15 years earlier. Yet the return of "People Power" raises some concerns about the health of Filipino democracy.

Nature of the Aquino coalition; role of the Catholic Church; challenges from the Marcos loyalists and the continuing guerrilla war.