Suchergebnisse

AbstractCompetition is high in the charitable contributions market, and donors demand to know how nonprofit organizations use the money they receive. In scrutinizing the variables that affect the capacity of nonprofits to attract donations, previous research has highlighted the positive influence of the amount of financial and performance information that nonprofits disclose through their websites. This study explored whether the depth of the organizations' online disclosures also affects these donations. In line with existing studies on regression‐based economic models of giving, this study considered community foundations—focusing on the United Kingdom and Italy—and its results indicated that managing the depth of the information provided through financial reports can influence donors' sensitivity and willingness to donate.

Waiting times are an issue in many countries, excessive waiting for treatments may deteriorate patient's health status and reduce treatment effectiveness potentially, becoming a barrier in the access to health care services. Waiting time to be equitable should be related only to the health need, people with the same health need have to wait the same time, without any difference due to socioeconomic status. In the commentary, the results of the extensive literature review and policy implications are discussed.

The inverse relationship between socioeconomic and health status has been well established in the literature. Disparities in health status due to socioeconomic conditions are unfair and can be prevented through appropriate health and social policies. The relation between socioeconomic factors and health outcomes can be proven at both the individual and geographic level. In this study, we follow the second stream of literature. The objective of the study is to measure how deprivation changes over time in an urban context, finding out whether socioeconomic inequalities association with health outcomes endure over time. To do so, a census-based deprivation index (GDI—Genoa Deprivation Index) have been developed using three aggregation methods—additive, Mazziotta–Pareto, and Pena distance. The innovation of the work is the attempt to evaluate deprivation over time, trying to formalize a methodological path replicable in other situation. Health status has been assessed using the standardized (premature) mortality ratios. The findings reveal that although deprivation inequalities continue to exist in Genoa, global levels have been decreasing. In addition, the rate of premature mortality has shown improvements. Despite this, GDI scores continue to be associated with premature deaths: individuals living in deprived areas report consistently high standardised mortality ratios.

Objectives: The aim of this work is to carry out an economic evaluation of the intra-articular (i.a.) use of the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in the short period treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Recently the scientific literature has shown the effectiveness of this treatment. The comparator adopted is the Hyaluronic acid (HA) which represents the standard i.a. therapy. Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using a decision tree model. The effectiveness outcomes are reported in terms of Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY). The costs are reported in Euro (€) currency evaluated in 2016. Deterministic and probabilistic sensibility analyses are reported in order to evaluate the robustness of the results and account for the different sources of uncertainty. Results: The PRP therapy results more costly but also more effective than HA. Using a Willingness to pay thresholds of € 10,000/QALY, the PRP is cost-effective with respect to HA, for patient with moderate to severe knee OA, presenting an Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) of €760 per QALY.

I tempi d'attesa sono un punto critico dei moderni sistemi sanitari (1). In tutti i principali Paesi dell'OCSE (Organizzazione per la Cooperazione e lo Sviluppo Economico) sono state sviluppate politiche più o meno efficaci per ridurli (2) perché, oltre a produrre insoddisfazione, un'attesa eccessiva rispetto al momento dell'espressione della domanda può comportare un deterioramento della salute delle persone (3) o una minor efficacia delle cure (4). D'altra parte, i tempi di attesa sono ineliminabili perché agiscono come strumento di razionamento della domanda nei sistemi a prevalente finanziamento pubblico, come quello italiano, dove l'assenza o l'uso limitato di prezzi per l'utilizzo dei servizi sanitari genera sempre un eccesso di domanda (5). Per fronteggiare questo squilibrio esistono anche altri strumenti, quali per esempio l'introduzione di una compartecipazione alla spesa (es. il cosiddetto "ticket sanitario") o politiche di razionamento esplicito che fissano limiti quantitativi all'accesso alle prestazioni garantite (6). Le liste di attesa costituiscono una forma di razionamento implicito, perché non impediscono la fruizione delle prestazioni sanitarie, ma semplicemente le rimandano nel tempo, rischiando così di abbassare il beneficio atteso (5). È necessario, peraltro, che questo modo di regolare l'accesso alle prestazioni non intacchi il principio dell'equità, principio fondamentale nei sistemi universalistici come quello italiano. Ne consegue che l'unico motivo per graduare l'attesa debba essere l'urgenza del bisogno (5-7). Ogni altro motivo di disparità (età, reddito, istruzione e così via) dovrebbe essere eliminato perché viola il principio dell'equità di accesso.

AbstractNonprofits that compete for charitable contributions often question which are the most effective factors that lead to high levels of donations. To date, the research has been dominated by linear models mainly based on the economic model of giving, and has reported mixed and sometimes conflictual findings about the net effect of certain individual organization‐specific factors on donations. In this study, we introduce a configurational approach to explore how the factors considered by the economic model of giving may be combined with each other in multiple configurations with the goal of obtaining high levels of donations. Applying fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, we focus on a sample of British community foundations and identify four combinations that lead these organizations to collect large amounts of charitable contributions. The results show that, whereas young foundations should rely on high levels of program spending and large amounts of online disclosure combined with, alternatively, efficiency or aggressive fundraising, old foundations should contain administrative costs and strengthen fundraising efforts while, alternatively, spending the most part of their resources on programs or disseminating large amounts of information through their public websites.