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This volume addresses the need to focus on temporal adaptations of teams. Modern organizations have been relying on teams more often to cope with the changing economic and technological climate. An increase in the use of teams has led to more team research throughout the fields of cognitive science, human factors, organizational psychology, assessment, and behavioral science. How teams grow and change is important for their performance and their members' satisfaction with their work; therefore, the attention that this book lends to teams' temporal factors is much deserved. Editors Eduardo Salas, Lauren B. Landon and William B. Vessey have gathered some of the best and brightest team researchers to contribute to this book. The various chapters offer readers background information, temporal measurement tools, and implications for research and practice. The book covers such interesting perspectives as team leadership, trust, cultural implications, and temporal implications in long-duration, extreme situations, including space exploration. This book serves as a resource to researchers who study teams, managers who lead teams, and those who work in teams.

This volume addresses the need to focus on temporal adaptations of teams. Modern organizations have been relying on teams more often to cope with the changing economic and technological climate. An increase in the use of teams has led to more team research throughout the fields of cognitive science, human factors, organizational psychology, assessment, and behavioral science. How teams grow and change is important for their performance and their members' satisfaction with their work; therefore, the attention that this book lends to teams' temporal factors is much deserved. Editors Eduardo Salas, Lauren B. Landon and William B. Vessey have gathered some of the best and brightest team researchers to contribute to this book. The various chapters offer readers background information, temporal measurement tools, and implications for research and practice. The book covers such interesting perspectives as team leadership, trust, cultural implications, and temporal implications in long-duration, extreme situations, including space exploration. This book serves as a resource to researchers who study teams, managers who lead teams, and those who work in teams.

Objective Propose areas of future space human factors research. Background Deep space, long-duration human spaceflight missions to the Moon and Mars still require advances in space human factors research. Key drivers relate to astronauts living and working in isolation, new novel technologies required to accomplish exploration missions, and the longer durations of these. Results Three areas of research are proposed for methods and techniques: (1) to enable more autonomous astronauts; (2) to monitor crew and improve ground team situation awareness; and (3) to detect and support changes in long-duration team coordination. Conclusions Future human exploration missions will benefit from advances in space human factors research. Application Human factors researchers can contribute to human spaceflight by prioritizing these research topics.

Teams in isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environments face many risks to behavioral health, social dynamics, and team performance. Complex long-duration ICE operational settings such as spaceflight and military deployments are largely closed systems with tightly coupled components, often operating as autonomous microsocieties within isolated ecosystems. As such, all components of the system are presumed to interact and can positively or negatively influence team dynamics through direct or indirect pathways. However, modern team science frameworks rarely consider inputs to the team system from outside the social and behavioral sciences and rarely incorporate biological factors despite the brain and associated neurobiological systems as the nexus of input from the environment and necessary substrate for emergent team dynamics and performance. Here, we provide a high-level overview of several key neurobiological systems relevant to social dynamics. We then describe several key components of ICE systems that can interact with and on neurobiological systems as individual-level inputs influencing social dynamics over the team life cycle—specifically food and nutrition, exercise and physical activity, sleep/wake/work rhythms, and habitat design and layout. Finally, we identify opportunities and strategic considerations for multidisciplinary research and development. Our overarching goal is to encourage multidisciplinary expansion of team science through (1) prospective horizontal integration of variables outside the current bounds of team science as significant inputs to closed ICE team systems and (2) bidirectional vertical integration of biology as the necessary inputs and mediators of individual and team behavioral health and performance. Prospective efforts to account for the behavioral biology of teams in ICE settings through an integrated organizational neuroscience approach will enable the field of team science to better understand and support teams who work, live, serve, and explore in extreme ...