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Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Authors and Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Foreword -- 1. Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in Europe and Central Asia: An Overview -- Do Government Size and Fiscal Deficits Matter for Economic Growth? -- How Can Governments Improve the Efficiency of Public Spending? -- How Can Governments Reduce Distortions in the Tax System? -- Conclusion -- Note -- PART 1. Public Finance and Economic Growth: Trends and Interrelationships -- 2. Public Finance Systems in Transition Countries -- Fiscal Stabilization and Debt Dynamics -- Patterns of Fiscal Adjustment and Public Spending -- The Size of Government -- Composition of General Government Spending -- Structure of Revenues in ECA -- Conclusions -- Annex 2A. Tax Performance: A Regression Model -- Notes -- 3. Do Public Finance Systems Matter for Growth? -- Success in Fiscal Consolidation -- Fiscal Deficits -- The Size of Government -- The Composition of Expenditures and Structure of Taxes -- Creating Fiscal Space -- Conclusions -- Annex 3A. Determinants of Growth in Transition Economies, 1992-2004 -- Econometric Evidence -- Annex 3B. Composition of Public Expenditures, Structure of Taxes, and Growth in ECA Countries, 1995-2004: Econometric Evidence -- Annex 3C. Calculating a Sustainable Primary Fiscal Balance in ECA Countries-A Note on Methodology -- Notes -- PART 2. Selected Issues in Public Expenditure -- 4. Infrastructure -- Infrastructure and Economic Growth -- The Legacy of Transition and Recent Performance -- Financial Sustainability: Hidden Costs and Priorities for Structural Reform -- Toward Better Management of Public Investment in Infrastructure -- Building Partnerships with the Private Sector -- Conclusions -- Notes -- 5. Education -- Education and Economic Growth -- Public Education Spending and Education Outcomes.

The purpose of this systematic review is to inform the World Bank, development partners and other stakeholders on the state of governance in the health sector of Bangladesh. With billions2 of Bangladeshi Taka invested in the government-run health sector every year, financed by domestic and international sources, there have been numerous efforts to better understand the governance challenges in the sector. This report reviews sixty such reports and studies written by NGOs, academics, government entities, research institutions, consultants and development partners, in the last fourteen years. However, translating that research into policy dialogue and improvement has been challenged due to poor knowledge management, a lack of a systematic approach to research (building on earlier studies findings), and limited efforts to place the work in the public domain and discourse. This paper takes a systematic approach to the literature review, bringing the key findings together and evaluating the weight of evidence on the governance problems in the sector, as well as the gaps that should be addressed by future research efforts. This review furthermore emphasizes the need to understand the factors, and political economy factors in particular, that explain the current state of affairs. The review is structured to systematically assess this literature, leading to several broad conclusions. First, it identifies the structure and method of the review and outlines the categorization of the governance issues reviewed, and provides a background to the health sector. It then methodically summarizes the relevant literature for each governance issue, highlighting the lessons and identifying the gaps and weaknesses. The review ends by highlighting these gaps in research, with a view to improve its scope and impact.