Suchergebnisse

Unsere Gesellschaft ist von seltenen Metallen abhängig wie nie zuvor: Mobiltelefone, Flachbildschirme, Digitalkameras, Autos oder Windkraftwerke wären in ihrer heutigen Form und Funktionalität kaum denkbar ohne seltene Metalle, verfügen diese Stoffe doch über aussergewöhnliche Eigenschaften. Platin beispielsweise kommt in Autokatalysatoren zum Einsatz, Tantal wird für die Produktion von Flugzeugturbinen oder von Mikrokondensatoren in Mobiltelefonen verwendet. Indium wird in Verbindung mit Zinn als transparenter Leiter in Flachbildschirmen eingesetzt und Lithium ist entscheidendes Element bei wiederaufladbaren Batterien. Die Frage, wie der weltweit steigende Bedarf an diesen Elementen mittel- bis längerfristig befriedigt werden kann, wird kontrovers diskutiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass verschiedene Faktoren das Angebot beeinflussen: So sind die abbauwürdigen Vorkommen seltener Metalle häufig auf einige wenige Gebiete beschränkt; dadurch ergeben sich politisch und wirtschaftlich kritische Abhängigkeiten. Seltene Metalle werden zudem meist nicht alleine abgebaut, sondern fallen als Nebenprodukte bei der Gewinnung von anderen Elementen an. Das Angebot wird bei den seltenen Metallen daher nicht nur durch die unmittelbare Nachfrage nach dem spezifischen Element gesteuert. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass seltene Metalle erst ansatzweise in den Stoffkreislauf zurückgeführt werden. Die Gründe dafür sind vielfältig: Lithium etwa ist so günstig, dass sich ein Recycling noch kaum lohnt. Indium lässt sich nur mit grossem Aufwand zurückgewinnen, weil es im einzelnen elektronischen Gerät in sehr geringen Konzentrationen vorkommt. Bei Tantal wiederum stellt sich das Problem, dass dieses Element bei pyrometallurgischen Recyclingprozessen als Reststoff in die Schlacke übergeht und aus dieser nur schwer zurückgewonnen werden kann. Die konkreten Beispiele in der vorliegenden Schrift zeigen, dass der heutige Umgang mit seltenen Metallen künftig zu kritischen Situationen führen kann. Gefragt sind deshalb Ansätze für einen nachhaltigeren ...

Purpose
This research aims to investigate the role of project-based-learning within graduate sustainability curricula through the lens of key competence development. Project-based learning has become a widely recommended pedagogy for sustainability education. It is hypothesized that through collaboration, student autonomy and real-world application, students develop key competencies for sustainability. This paper also aims to examine the connection between project-based learning and competence development on a program level from the student perspective.


Design/methodology/approach
This two-year comparative case study follows the project-based-learning journeys of nine graduate sustainability students from three programs: the Master's of Sustainability at Arizona State University, the Master's of Sustainability Science at Leuphana University of Lüneburg and the Global Sustainability Science Master's, an ASU and Leuphana collaboration. Over four semesters, the students each took part in four competence-oriented self-assessments and interviews to map their perceived learning throughout their programs. Additional contextual information was gathered from program and course materials and descriptions, instructor interviews and in vivo observations.


Findings
The defining aspects of project-based learning including collaboration, student autonomy and real-world connection do contribute to students' self-perceived competence development. Student-driven and program-driven project-based learning experiences equally foster this result, as long as the pedagogical challenges of balancing support and student independence associated with each are mitigated through instructor actions, program design or individual student coping skills.


Originality/value
The results of this research can support higher education institutions in designing sustainability programs aimed at competence development through project-based learning. The focus on the curricular and program level combined with repeated overtime student-reported attribution to specific courses and activities bridges the gap between individual course case studies and theoretical recommendations for curriculum design. In addition to length and depth, this study also forefronts student experience of curricula as delivered.

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate student experiences and the potential impact of experience-based learning (EBL) in the early phase of graduate sustainability programs through the lens of key competencies. The goal is to provide evidence for the improvement of existing and the thorough design of new EBL formats in sustainability programs.Design/methodology/approachThis comparative case study focuses on the first semester of three graduate sustainability programs at Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Germany and Arizona State University, USA, for two of which EBL was a core feature. The study compares the curricula, the teaching and learning environments and the reported experiences of one student cohort from each of three programs and synthesizes the resulting insights. Student interviews were combined with student self-assessments and supported by in-vivo observations, curriculum designer input, instructor interviews and course materials. MAXQDA was used for data analysis following a grounded theory approach.FindingsEBL influences students' reflective capacity, which impacts the development of key competencies in sustainability. Qualitative analysis found four key themes in relation to the students' learning in EBL settings, namely, discomfort, time-attention relationship, student expectations of instructors and exchange. The intersection of these themes with curricular structure, student dispositions and differing instructor approaches shows how curriculum can either support or interrupt the reflective cycle and thus, holistic learning.Research limitations/implicationsWith the focus on the first semester only, the students' competence development over the course of the entire program cannot be demonstrated. Learning processes within EBL settings are complex and include aspects outside the control of instructors and curriculum designers. This study addresses only a select number of factors influencing students' learning in EBL settings.Practical implicationsEarly engagement with EBL activities can push students to leave their comfort zones and question previous assumptions. Designing curricula to include EBL while encouraging strong intra-cohort connections and creating space for reflection seems to be an effective approach to enable the development of key competencies in sustainability.Originality/valueThis paper investigates the experiences of students in EBL through a key competence lens. The study combines student self-perceptions, instructor reflections and in-vivo observations. Data collection and analysis were conducted by a researcher not affiliated with the programs. These factors make for a unique study design and with data-driven insights on the seldom researched competence-pedagogy-curriculum connection.

AbstractInternational food supply is often associated with negative externalities including injustices across the economic value chain favoring trade over production and processing, significant transport‐related greenhouse gas emissions, and poor working conditions in the regions where food is being produced or processed. Relevant proxies for this situation seem to be large distances, specifically, large geographical and relational distances. Sustainability entrepreneurship demonstrates innovative practices to address large distances in international food supply. We describe five entrepreneurial solution approaches and illustrate them with empirical cases to facilitate learning across cases and support wider adoption of these practices. Our study provides food scholars, entrepreneurs, and businesses with evidence and insights on how to foster sustainable food supply through overcoming large distances.