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Working paper
Firearm Background Checks and Suicide
In: The economic journal: the journal of the Royal Economic Society, Band 123, Heft 573, S. 1085-1099
ISSN: 1468-0297
Breaking Through the Noise: Presidential Leadership, Public Opinion, and the News Media, by Matthew Eshbaugh-Soha and Jeffrey Peake: Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011. 251 pp. $24.95 paper
In: Political communication: an international journal, Band 29, Heft 3, S. 344-346
ISSN: 1091-7675
Breaking Through the Noise: Presidential Leadership, Public Opinion, and the News Media, by Matthew Eshbaugh-Soha and Jeffrey Peake
In: Political communication, Band 29, Heft 3, S. 344-347
ISSN: 1058-4609
Back to school blues: Seasonality of youth suicide and the academic calendar
In: Economics of education review, Band 30, Heft 5, S. 850-861
ISSN: 0272-7757
Pandemics, Protests and Firearms
SSRN
Working paper
Polls and Elections: Revisiting Midterm Visits: Why the Type of Visit Matters
In: Presidential studies quarterly: official publication of the Center for the Study of the Presidency, Band 41, Heft 4, S. 809-818
ISSN: 1741-5705
In this article, we reassess the findings of where presidents visit during midterm elections from 1954 to 2010, with data that, for the first time, segments presidential visits into "rallies," fundraisers, and "virtual" campaigning. On one hand, our findings reflect what others have found—when aggregating all visits together, the total Electoral College votes and the previous state‐level winning percentage of the president in the state affect the probability of a visit by the president. However, presidents are more likely to visit states for a "rally" when they are more popular, and the number of competitive races in the state is greater. Presidents are more likely to host a fundraiser in a state when the number of Electoral College votes is higher but are less likely to visit when there are fewer competitive races. The results suggest that there is value in knowing the purpose for which a president visited a state in a midterm election.
Polls and Elections: Revisiting Midterm Visits: Why the Type of Visit Matters
In: Presidential studies quarterly, Band 41, Heft 4, S. 809-819
ISSN: 0360-4918
Semesters or Quarters? The Effect of the Academic Calendar on Postsecondary Student Outcomes
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 12429
SSRN
The regional European atmospheric transport inversion comparison, EUROCOM: first results on European-wide terrestrial carbon fluxes for the period 2006–2015
Atmospheric inversions have been used for the past two decades to derive large-scale constraints on the sources and sinks of CO2 into the atmosphere. The development of dense in situ surface observation networks, such as ICOS in Europe, enables in theory inversions at a resolution close to the country scale in Europe. This has led to the development of many regional inversion systems capable of assimilating these high-resolution data, in Europe and elsewhere. The EUROCOM (European atmospheric transport inversion comparison) project is a collaboration between seven European research institutes, which aims at producing a collective assessment of the net carbon flux between the terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere in Europe for the period 2006–2015. It aims in particular at investigating the capacity of the inversions to deliver consistent flux estimates from the country scale up to the continental scale. The project participants were provided with a common database of in situ-observed CO2 concentrations (including the observation sites that are now part of the ICOS network) and were tasked with providing their best estimate of the net terrestrial carbon flux for that period, and for a large domain covering the entire European Union. The inversion systems differ by the transport model, the inversion approach, and the choice of observation and prior constraints, enabling us to widely explore the space of uncertainties. This paper describes the intercomparison protocol and the participating systems, and it presents the first results from a reference set of inversions, at the continental scale and in four large regions. At the continental scale, the regional inversions support the assumption that European ecosystems are a relatively small sink (−0.21±0.2 Pg C yr−1). We find that the convergence of the regional inversions at this scale is not better than that obtained in state-of-the-art global inversions. However, more robust results are obtained for sub-regions within Europe, and in these areas with dense observational coverage, the objective of delivering robust country-scale flux estimates appears achievable in the near future. ; publishedVersion
BASE
The regional European atmospheric transport inversion comparison, EUROCOM:First results on European-wide terrestrial carbon fluxes for the period 2006-2015
In: Monteil , G , Broquet , G , Scholze , M , Lang , M , Karstens , U , Gerbig , C , Koch , F T , Smith , N E , Thompson , R L , Luijkx , I T , White , E , Meesters , A , Ciais , P , Ganesan , A L , Manning , A , Mischurow , M , Peters , W , Peylin , P , Tarniewicz , J , Rigby , M , Rödenbeck , C , Vermeulen , A & Walton , E M 2020 , ' The regional European atmospheric transport inversion comparison, EUROCOM : First results on European-wide terrestrial carbon fluxes for the period 2006-2015 ' , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol. 20 , no. 20 , pp. 12063-12091 . https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12063-2020
Atmospheric inversions have been used for the past two decades to derive large-scale constraints on the sources and sinks of CO2 into the atmosphere. The development of dense in situ surface observation networks, such as ICOS in Europe, enables in theory inversions at a resolution close to the country scale in Europe. This has led to the development of many regional inversion systems capable of assimilating these high-resolution data, in Europe and elsewhere. The EUROCOM (European atmospheric transport inversion comparison) project is a collaboration between seven European research institutes, which aims at producing a collective assessment of the net carbon flux between the terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere in Europe for the period 2006 2015. It aims in particular at investigating the capacity of the inversions to deliver consistent flux estimates from the country scale up to the continental scale. The project participants were provided with a common database of in situ-observed CO2 concentrations (including the observation sites that are now part of the ICOS network) and were tasked with providing their best estimate of the net terrestrial carbon flux for that period, and for a large domain covering the entire European Union. The inversion systems differ by the transport model, the inversion approach, and the choice of observation and prior constraints, enabling us to widely explore the space of uncertainties. This paper describes the intercomparison protocol and the participating systems, and it presents the first results from a reference set of inversions, at the continental scale and in four large regions. At the continental scale, the regional inversions support the assumption that European ecosystems are a relatively small sink (-0:21 ± 0:2 Pg C yr-1). We find that the convergence of the regional inversions at this scale is not better than that obtained in state-of-the-art global inversions. However, more robust results are obtained for subregions within Europe, and in these areas with dense observational coverage, the objective of delivering robust countryscale flux estimates appears achievable in the near future.
BASE
The regional European atmospheric transport inversion comparison, EUROCOM: first results on European-wide terrestrial carbon fluxes for the period 2006–2015
Atmospheric inversions have been used for the past two decades to derive large-scale constraints on the sources and sinks of CO 2 into the atmosphere. The development of dense in situ surface observation networks, such as ICOS in Europe, enables in theory inversions at a resolution close to the country scale in Europe. This has led to the development of many regional inversion systems capable of assimilating these high-resolution data, in Europe and elsewhere. The EUROCOM (European atmospheric transport inversion comparison) project is a collaboration between seven European research institutes, which aims at producing a collective assessment of the net carbon flux between the terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere in Europe for the period 2006–2015. It aims in particular at investigating the capacity of the inversions to deliver consistent flux estimates from the country scale up to the continental scale. The project participants were provided with a common database of in situ-observed CO 2 concentrations (including the observation sites that are now part of the ICOS network) and were tasked with providing their best estimate of the net terrestrial carbon flux for that period, and for a large domain covering the entire European Union. The inversion systems differ by the transport model, the inversion approach, and the choice of observation and prior constraints, enabling us to widely explore the space of uncertainties. This paper describes the intercomparison protocol and the participating systems, and it presents the first results from a reference set of inversions, at the continental scale and in four large regions. At the continental scale, the regional inversions support the assumption that European ecosystems are a relatively small sink ( -0.21±0.2 Pg C yr −1 ). We find that the convergence of the regional inversions at this scale is not better than that obtained in state-of-the-art global inversions. However, more robust results are obtained for sub-regions within Europe, and in these areas with dense observational coverage, the objective of delivering robust country-scale flux estimates appears achievable in the near future.
BASE
The regional European atmospheric transport inversion comparison, EUROCOM: first results on European-wide terrestrial carbon fluxes for the period 2006–2015
Atmospheric inversions have been used for the past two decades to derive large-scale constraints on the sources and sinks of CO2 into the atmosphere. The development of dense in situ surface observation networks, such as ICOS in Europe, enables in theory inversions at a resolution close to the country scale in Europe. This has led to the development of many regional inversion systems capable of assimilating these high-resolution data, in Europe and elsewhere. The EUROCOM (European atmospheric transport inversion comparison) project is a collaboration between seven European research institutes, which aims at producing a collective assessment of the net carbon flux between the terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere in Europe for the period 2006–2015. It aims in particular at investigating the capacity of the inversions to deliver consistent flux estimates from the country scale up to the continental scale. The project participants were provided with a common database of in situ-observed CO2 concentrations (including the observation sites that are now part of the ICOS network) and were tasked with providing their best estimate of the net terrestrial carbon flux for that period, and for a large domain covering the entire European Union. The inversion systems differ by the transport model, the inversion approach, and the choice of observation and prior constraints, enabling us to widely explore the space of uncertainties. This paper describes the intercomparison protocol and the participating systems, and it presents the first results from a reference set of inversions, at the continental scale and in four large regions. At the continental scale, the regional inversions support the assumption that European ecosystems are a relatively small sink ( -0.21±0.2 Pg C yr−1). We find that the convergence of the regional inversions at this scale is not better than that obtained in state-of-the-art global inversions. However, more robust results are obtained for sub-regions within Europe, and in these areas with dense observational coverage, the objective of delivering robust country-scale flux estimates appears achievable in the near future.
BASE
The regional European atmospheric transport inversion comparison, EUROCOM:First results on European-wide terrestrial carbon fluxes for the period 2006-2015
In: Monteil , G , Broquet , G , Scholze , M , Lang , M , Karstens , U , Gerbig , C , Koch , F-T , Smith , N E , Thompson , R L , Luijkx , I T , White , E , Meesters , A , Ciais , P , Ganesan , A L , Manning , A , Mischurow , M , Peters , W , Peylin , P , Tarniewicz , J , Rigby , M , Rodenbeck , C , Vermeulen , A & Walton , E M 2020 , ' The regional European atmospheric transport inversion comparison, EUROCOM : First results on European-wide terrestrial carbon fluxes for the period 2006-2015 ' , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol. 20 , no. 20 , pp. 12063-12091 . https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12063-2020 ; ISSN:1680-7316
Atmospheric inversions have been used for the past two decades to derive large-scale constraints on the sources and sinks of CO2 into the atmosphere. The development of dense in situ surface observation networks, such as ICOS in Europe, enables in theory inversions at a resolution close to the country scale in Europe. This has led to the development of many regional inversion systems capable of assimilating these high-resolution data, in Europe and elsewhere. The EUROCOM (European atmospheric transport inversion comparison) project is a collaboration between seven European research institutes, which aims at producing a collective assessment of the net carbon flux between the terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere in Europe for the period 2006-2015. It aims in particular at investigating the capacity of the inversions to deliver consistent flux estimates from the country scale up to the continental scale. The project participants were provided with a common database of in situ-observed CO2 concentrations (including the observation sites that are now part of the ICOS network) and were tasked with providing their best estimate of the net terrestrial carbon flux for that period, and for a large domain covering the entire European Union. The inversion systems differ by the transport model, the inversion approach, and the choice of observation and prior constraints, enabling us to widely explore the space of uncertainties. This paper describes the intercomparison protocol and the participating systems, and it presents the first results from a reference set of inversions, at the continental scale and in four large regions. At the continental scale, the regional inversions support the assumption that European ecosystems are a relatively small sink (-0.21 +/- 0.2 Pg C yr(-1)). We find that the convergence of the regional inversions at this scale is not better than that obtained in state-of-the-art global inversions. However, more robust results are obtained for subregions within Europe, and in these areas with dense ...
BASE
The regional EUROpean atmospheric transport inversion COMparison, EUROCOM: first results on European wide terrestrial carbon fluxes for the period 2006–2015
Atmospheric inversions have been used for the past two decades to derive large scale constraints on the sources and sinks of CO 2 into the atmosphere. The development of high density in-situ surface observation networks, such as ICOS in Europe, enables in theory inversions at a resolution close to the country scale in Europe. This has led to the development of many regional inversion systems capable of assimilating these high-resolution data, in Europe and elsewhere. The EUROCOM project (EUROpean atmospheric transport inversion COMparison) is a collaboration between seven European research institutes, which aims at producing a collective assessment of the net carbon flux between the terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere in Europe for the period 2006–2015. It aims in particular at investigating the capacity of the inversions to deliver consistent flux estimates from the country scale up to the continental scale. The project participants were provided with a common database of in-situ observed CO 2 concentrations (including the observation sites that are now part of the ICOS network), and were tasked with providing their best estimate of the net terrestrial carbon flux for that period, and for a large domain covering the entire European Union. The inversion systems differ by the transport model, the inversion approach and the choice of observation and prior constraints, enabling us to widely explore the space of uncertainties. This paper describes the intercomparison protocol and the participating systems, and it presents the first results from a reference set of inversions, at the continental scale and in four large regions. At the continental scale, the regional inversions support the assumption that European ecosystems are a relatively small sink (−0.21 ± 0.2 PgC/year). We find that the convergence of the regional inversions at this scale is not better than that obtained in state-of-the-art global inversions. However, more robust results are obtained for sub-regions within Europe, and in these areas with dense observational coverage, the objective of delivering robust country scale flux estimates appears achievable in the near future.
BASE