Suchergebnisse

Einleitung -- Finanzmarkthandel und Soziologie -- Ungewissheitsarrangement(s): Affekt, Kalkulation und soziale Relation -- Method(ologi)e, Feld und Daten -- Händler:innen, Märkte und die Welt -- Handel, Interaktion und Einbettung -- Diskussion und Konklusion.

Crises such as European debt crisis, Brexit, and COVID-19 have challenged established relations between finance and the state in attempts at mitigating a broad range of crises-related risks. We ask whether and how these altered relations in themselves constitute novel uncertainties and risks between the two fields. To better understand these dynamics, we introduce the concept of "risk entanglement" to complement financialization as a key concept presently capturing these relations. Based on qualitative research in the German finance-state nexus, we show how financial and state actors mutually construe each other as risks that need to be managed and mitigated to safeguard their particular, field-specific logics and ends. We focus on systemic risk and political risk as two cases of risk entanglement: whereas systemic risk reflects the threat of a potential financial meltdown to the state, political risk reflects how the state endangers established risk practices in finance.

Die Verfasser beschäftigen sich mit den durch die Finanzkrise in den Medien-Fokus geratenen Finanzmärkten und ihren Akteuren. Sie fragen nach den Gefühlen der Händler auf dem Parkett: Was lösen Zahlenreihen auf Bildschirmen in ihnen aus? Die Antworten gewinnen sie aus Emotionsratgebern, deren Aussagen auf ein Paradox hinauslaufen: Einerseits sollen die Händler Emotionen weitestgehend ausschließen. Andererseits sind es die Emotionen, die große motivationale Kraft entfalten und sogar - Stichwort: Bauchgefühl - Schaden vom Geschäft abhalten können. Zudem beobachten sie eine Trennung zwischen individuell empfundenen Gefühlen und Stimmungen, die "dem Markt" zugeschrieben werden. (ICB2)

In order to predict which ecosystem functions are most at risk from biodiversity loss, meta-analyses have generalised results from biodiversity experiments over different sites and ecosystem types. In contrast, comparing the strength of biodiversity effects across a large number of ecosystem processes measured in a single experiment permits more direct comparisons. Here, we present an analysis of 418 separate measures of 38 ecosystem processes. Overall, 45 % of processes were significantly affected by plant species richness, suggesting that, while diversity affects a large number of processes not all respond to biodiversity. We therefore compared the strength of plant diversity effects between different categories of ecosystem processes, grouping processes according to the year of measurement, their biogeochemical cycle, trophic level and compartment (above- or belowground) and according to whether they were measures of biodiversity or other ecosystem processes, biotic or abiotic and static or dynamic. Overall, and for several individual processes, we found that biodiversity effects became stronger over time. Measures of the carbon cycle were also affected more strongly by plant species richness than were the measures associated with the nitrogen cycle. Further, we found greater plant species richness effects on measures of biodiversity than on other processes. The differential effects of plant diversity on the various types of ecosystem processes indicate that future research and political effort should shift from a general debate about whether biodiversity loss impairs ecosystem functions to focussing on the specific functions of interest and ways to preserve them individually or in combination.