Suchergebnisse

The second round of the III International Popular Song Festival in Brazil witnessed a now famous confrontation between singer Caetano Veloso and the university student-dominated audience that filled the hall that September 15th, 1968. In the midst of an already chaotic performance, in which Veloso could barely be heard above the students' boos, jeers and insults, he abruptly stopped singing and used the microphone to instead rebuke the audience, criticizing not simply their behavior, but also their politicized approach to music. Photographs from the event document the sheer quantity of paper balls and other objects lobbed onto the stage, while the live recording of the event (released soon afterward as a single) testifies to the vociferous antagonism expressed from all sides in this unprecedentedly hostile moment.

Conquest and colonial rule, 1500-1579 -- Sugar and slavery in the Atlantic world, 1580-1694 -- Gold and the new colonial order, 1695-1807 -- The Portuguese royal family in Rio de Janeiro, 1808-1821 -- From independence to the abolition of the slave trade, 1822-1850 -- Coffee, the empire, and abolition, 1851-1888 -- Republican Brazil and the onset of modernization, 1889-1929 -- Getúlio Vargas, the Estado Novo, and World War II, 1930-1945 -- Democratic governance and developmentalism, 1946-1964 -- The generals in power and the fight for democracy, 1964-1985 -- Redemocratization and the new global economy, 1985-present

From the first encounters between the Portuguese and indigenous peoples in 1500 to the current political turmoil, the history of Brazil is much more complex and dynamic than the usual representations of it as the home of Carnival, soccer, the Amazon, and samba would suggest. This extensively revised and expanded second edition of the best-selling Brazil Reader dives deep into the past and present of a country marked by its geographical vastness and cultural, ethnic, and environmental diversity. Containing over one hundred selections—many of which appear in English for the first time and which range from sermons by Jesuit missionaries and poetry to political speeches and biographical portraits of famous public figures, intellectuals, and artists—this collection presents the lived experience of Brazilians from all social and economic classes, racial backgrounds, genders, and political perspectives over the past half millennium. Whether outlining the legacy of slavery, the roles of women in Brazilian public life, or the importance of political and social movements, The Brazil Reader provides an unparalleled look at Brazil's history, culture, and politics.

AbstractChubut Province, in Patagonia, Argentina, is home to a group of Afrikaans-speaking Boers, descendants of those who–starting in 1902–came to Argentina from the region of present-day South Africa. Although little Afrikaans is spoken among fourth- and fifth-generation community members, many in the third generation (60 years and older) still maintain the language. According to Joshua Fishman's model of generational language shift, the Boers' Afrikaans should have been largely diluted by the third generation; older community members today should have little functional knowledge of the language, and their children and grandchildren none. The goal of this paper is to explore the persistence of bilingualism in the Argentine Boer community and explain why the changes normally associated with the third generation of immigrants are only now being seen in the fourth and fifth generations. On the basis of bilingual interviews with living community members, we argue that the community's attitude toward Afrikaans as a language of group identity, as well as the relative isolation of the community in rural Patagonia in the first half of the 20th century, were both decisive factors in delaying the process of linguistic assimilation. Only in the middle of the 20th century, when the community came into greater contact with Argentine society as a result of modernization and schooling in the region, did the process of linguistic integration begin in a measurable way.