Suchergebnisse

Diese Pionierstudie beleuchtet am Beispiel des Reichsgaues Niederdonau alltägliche Kräftefelder zwischen Nationalsozialismus und Agrargesellschaft, in denen ländliche Akteure untereinander und mit NS-Funktionsträgern um Ressourcen rangen. Das Entwicklungsprojekt des völkischen Produktivismus – die Erzeugung eines »rassisch« und wirtschaftlich leistungsfähigen »Bauerntums« – blieb zwar in technischer Hinsicht stecken. Jedoch stellte es in institutioneller Hinsicht die Weichen der Agrarentwicklung in Richtung einer alternativen Moderne jenseits von Liberalismus und Kommunismus.

Diese Pionierstudie beleuchtet am Beispiel des Reichsgaues Niederdonau alltägliche Kräftefelder zwischen Nationalsozialismus und Agrargesellschaft, in denen ländliche Akteure untereinander und mit Funktionsträgern um Ressourcen rangen. Das Entwicklungsprojekt des 'völkischen Produktivismus' – die Erzeugung eines "rassisch" und wirtschaftlich leistungsfähigen "Bauerntums" – blieb zwar in technischer Hinsicht stecken. Jedoch stellte es in institutioneller Hinsicht die Weichen der Agrarentwicklung in Richtung einer alternativen Moderne jenseits von Liberalismus und Kommunismus

This article deals with the formation of collective identities in the early period of the Austrian Second Republic. Questioning the process of community building mostly tends to separate identities on the national level from those on the regional and local levels. However, the case of identity politics in a rural community shows that national identities are socially and culturally constructed in close relation with regional and local identities. From 1945 to 1960, different imaginations of national communities were represented by the organizers and participants of local festive events: 'Austria' as a pedagogical norm, as a political-ideological key term, as a local metaphor. These social and cultural constructions were embedded in macro-level conditions, namely the economic and political rebuilding of Austria after the Second World War, as well as micro-level conditions, namely identity politics by village elites. The author argues that the formation of Austrian imagined communities after 1945 is based not only on temporal but also on spatial processes of identification and differentiation. ; This article deals with the formation of collective identities in the early period of the Austrian Second Republic. Questioning the process of community building mostly tends to separate identities on the national level from those on the regional and local levels. However, the case of identity politics in a rural community shows that national identities are socially and culturally constructed in close relation with regional and local identities. From 1945 to 1960, different imaginations of national communities were represented by the organizers and participants of local festive events: 'Austria' as a pedagogical norm, as a political-ideological key term, as a local metaphor. These social and cultural constructions were embedded in macro-level conditions, namely the economic and political rebuilding of Austria after the Second World War, as well as micro-level conditions, namely identity politics by village elites. The author argues that the formation of Austrian imagined communities after 1945 is based not only on temporal but also on spatial processes of identification and differentiation.

Due to war economy and Nazi ideology, the organisation of agricultural work in Germany between 1939 and 1945 was built upon political forces; however, it also involved economic and socio-cultural forces. The case of the region of Niederdonau highlights the external and internal dynamics of the field of agricultural work's organisation as opposed to the vision of a centralized and efficient 'human economy' (Menschenökonomie) in the eyes of Nazi bureaucracy. The working and living conditions of the rural workers were differentiated according to 'race', nationality, legal status, gender, age and so on. In practice, they depended upon rather informal relations with other people of the farm or the rural community than formal rights. As a consequence, the fields of agricultural work's organisation in general and forced labour in particular were highly segmented. ; Due to war economy and Nazi ideology, the organisation of agricultural work in Germany between 1939 and 1945 was built upon political forces; however, it also involved economic and socio-cultural forces. The case of the region of Niederdonau highlights the external and internal dynamics of the field of agricultural work's organisation as opposed to the vision of a centralized and efficient 'human economy' (Menschenökonomie) in the eyes of Nazi bureaucracy. The working and living conditions of the rural workers were differentiated according to 'race', nationality, legal status, gender, age and so on. In practice, they depended upon rather informal relations with other people of the farm or the rural community than formal rights. As a consequence, the fields of agricultural work's organisation in general and forced labour in particular were highly segmented.

Taking the province of Niederdonau as an example, this pioneer study highlights everyday fields-of-force between National Socialism and agrarian society in which rural actors competed for resources among themselves and with official functionaries. The megaproject of 'volkish productivism' – the creation of an efficient peasantry in 'racial' and economic terms – got stuck with regard to technical development. However, with regard to institutional development, there emerged a pathway towards an alternative modernity beyond Liberalism and Communism.

Dieser Artikel diskutiert Möglichkeiten und Grenzen reflexiver Feldforschung am Beispiel einer historisch-anthropologischen Gemeindestudie. Im Gegensatz zu den meisten Formen der "teilnehmenden Beobachtung" anerkennen die Formen einer "beobachtenden Teilnahme" die Subjektivität des forschenden Subjekts als Bedingung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis. Der Diskurs des Forschers über die lokale Alltagsgeschichte im 20. Jahrhundert im Allgemeinen und die nationalsozialistische Ära im Besonderen kollidiert in vielerlei Situationen mit vorherrschenden Gedächtnisdiskursen. Solche "Störungen" entpuppen sich als Gelegenheiten, die Bedingungen und Folgen der eigenen Forschungspraxis zu reflektieren. Die daraus gewonnenen Einsichten in die Möglichkeiten einer reflexiven Feldforschung verdeutlichen auch deren Grenzen, etwa die Deutungsmacht der LeserInnen über die Texte des Autors.

Dieser Artikel diskutiert Möglichkeiten und Grenzen reflexiver Feldforschung am Beispiel einer historisch-anthropologischen Gemeindestudie. Im Gegensatz zu den meisten Formen der "teilnehmenden Beobachtung" anerkennen die Formen einer "beobachtenden Teilnahme" die Subjektivität des forschenden Subjekts als Bedingung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis. Der Diskurs des Forschers über die lokale Alltagsgeschichte im 20. Jahrhundert im Allgemeinen und die nationalsozialistische Ära im Besonderen kollidiert in vielerlei Situationen mit vorherrschenden Gedächtnisdiskursen. Solche "Störungen" entpuppen sich als Gelegenheiten, die Bedingungen und Folgen der eigenen Forschungspraxis zu reflektieren. Die daraus gewonnenen Einsichten in die Möglichkeiten einer reflexiven Feldforschung verdeutlichen auch deren Grenzen, etwa die Deutungsmacht der LeserInnen über die Texte des Autors.