Suchergebnisse

THIS ARTICLE TRACES THE EMERGENCE OF FEDERAL CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT POLICY DURING THE PAST 34 YEARS WHICH IS DESCRIBED AS EMERGING IN AN INCREMENTAL AND DISJOINTED MANNER SINCE WORLD WAR II. THE ESSAY SUMMARIZES THE MAJOR STAGES IN THIS EVOLUTION, DESCRIBES IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES ASSOCIATED WITH EACH STATE, AND IDENTIFIES 24 ELEMENTS THAT CONSTITUTE AN ACCRUED FEDERAL CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT POLICY.

Governments around the world have enforced strict guidelines on social interaction and mobility to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Evidence has begun to emerge which suggests that such dramatic changes in people's routine activities have yielded similarly dramatic changes in criminal behavior. This study represents the first 'look back' on six months of the nationwide lockdown in England and Wales. Using open police-recorded crime trends, we provide a comparison between expected and observed crime rates for fourteen different offence categories between March and August, 2020. We find that most crime types experienced sharp, short-term declines during the first full month of lockdown. This was followed by a gradual resurgence as restrictions were relaxed. Major exceptions include anti-social behavior and drug crimes. Findings shed light on the opportunity structures for crime and the nuances of using police records to study crime during the pandemic.

A new method of rabbit control has been developed using carbon monoxide
generated by ignition of a cartridge containing sodium nitrate, charcoal and
zinc oxide. Ignition of cartridges inside the entrances of an unoccupied
artificial rabbit warren showed that carbon monoxide dispersed poorly through
the warren and diffused out of the warren within 3–4 hours. Wind speed
and direction markedly affected the distribution and persistence of carbon
monoxide. Nevertheless, concentrations of carbon monoxide within most of the
warren were sufficiently high to render rabbits rapidly insensible, but in
some deeper parts of the warren, they remained at low levels, unlikely to have
any effect on rabbits. Field trials showed that treatment of rabbit warrens
with carbon monoxide cartridges (79 ± 10.8% kill) was as
effective as treatment with cyanide powder (78 ± 11.9% kill),
and suggested that rabbits were quickly rendered insensible. Therefore the
technique shows considerable promise as an effective, safe and relatively
humane method of rabbit control.