Suchergebnisse

негативная тенденция роста коррупционного сектора в контрактной системе обуславливает необходимость совершенствования мер прокурорского надзора за соблюдением законности в указанной сфере. Отсутствие закрепления в законодательном регулировании полномочий и функций прокурора ; при наличии их фактического осуществления ; а также отсутствие методологической базы для проведения проверок препятствует эффективному осуществлению надзорных функций. В статье сформированы выводы о практических проблемах надзорной деятельности и возможностях их минимизации. ; the negative tendency of the growth of the corruption sector in the contract system makes it necessary to improve the measures of prosecutor's supervision over observance of the law in this sphere. The lack of consolidation in the legislative regulation of the powers and functions of the prosecutor ; in the presence of their actual implementation ; as well as the lack of a methodological basis for conducting inspections ; hinders the effective implementation of supervisory functions. The article summarizes the practical problems of supervisory activities and the possibilities for their minimization.

The article analyzes the key problems of domestic and international public safety, human security and the protection of life and health of the planet's population. The world events of 2019-2020 have clearly demonstrated new threats to human life and health. As a result, the pandemic has become widespread in almost all countries of the world. New modern threats have predetermined the problem for the consolidation of the international community to counter threats to life and health of mankind. There is a steady increase in the threat to the life and health of human beings and humanity despite the activation of the World Health Organization and the United Nations and the interstate activities carried out. In this regard, the task to unite the efforts in civilized countries under the auspices of the united nations to effectively counter the global threat of infection, which also entails the threat of extinction for small nations and peoples, is being actualized. The current negative situation at the global level in the field of public security shows the need to take decisive and radical measures aimed at eliminating unilateral sanctions and pooling resources within the UN to counter the spread of this threat, to implement a set of measures for the preventive and prevention of this negative social process. The need to develop a universal international normative legal act to ensure the implementation of effective measures and activities to combat new threats and risks in the world is being actualized. It is necessary to consolidate both material resources and the scientific potential of the international community to counter the growing threat to human security.

The study provides a close analysis of literary works by women in late-18th- and early-19th-century Russia, with a focus on Anna Naumova, Mariia Pospelova, and Mariia Bolotnikova. Political, social and feminist theories are applied to examine restrictions imposed on women. Women authors in particular were fettered by a culture of feminisation strongly influenced by the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau. As Sentimentalism and its aesthetics began to give way to Romantic ideals, some provincial Russian women writers saw an opportunity to claim social equality, and to challenge traditional concepts of authorship and a view of women as mute and passive.

Abstract: In the summer of 1906 at the age of twenty-one, Mariia Spiridonova, a Russian Socialist Revolutionary (SR) assassin was transported with five other convicted female SR terrorists by railway from Moscow to the Nerchinsk prison complex in eastern Siberia. Only Spiridonova was known as a martyr-heroine to opponents of tsarism across the empire, however, because national newspapers had published her story of physical abuse by police and Cossacks at the time of her arrest. Patterning themselves after an earlier generation of populist terrorists in the 1870s and 1880s, male and female SR terrorists in the revolution of 1905–07 attempted to kill government officials whom the SR party accused of oppressive actions against helpless civilians. Although SR terrorists expected to sacrifice their own lives as compensation for committing political murder, the tsarist government commuted the women's death sentences to penal servitude for life. In Siberian imprisonment, Spiridonova and her five terrorist comrades followed the tradition of preceding generations of revolutionaries by joining a 'socialist collective' or 'commune' of political prisoners with a code of conduct and a shared economy. Male and female socialist prisoners lived by such compacts to prepare themselves for the future revolution and to deepen the political consciousness of their fellow inmates by personal example. Only Spiridonova among the women 'politicals' took no visible role in upholding the prison commune but rather lived in semi-isolation as an invalid throughout her eleven years in the Nerchinsk complex. Suffering from tuberculosis, Spiridonova, who had anticipated a martyr's death on the scaffold, seemingly succumbed to the martyrdom of chronic illness. Yet the fall of the tsarist autocracy in February 1917 did not just liberate Spiridonova from penal servitude but simultaneously restored her health, her energy and her drive to engage in radical politics. Her pattern of revolutionary behaviour thus alternated between active and passive self-sacrifice, the tuberculosis that enhanced her legend of martyrdom apparently waxing and waning according to the degree of her personal freedom.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of the contribution made by intellectual capital (IC) to company performance at company and industry levels in the Russian context. It examines the performance effect of IC using a multilevel approach.


Design/methodology/approach
The study combines the resource- and industry-based view. It decomposes performance determinants into two levels of analysis in such a way that it is assumed that IC at industry and company levels has a significant simultaneous impact on company performance. The empirical part of the study uses a database of 1,096 Russian public companies, covering the period of 2004–2014 and divided into 19 industries. The econometric methodology uses hierarchical linear models to estimate the effect of IC in the different levels of analysis.


Findings
The study confirms that the strength of the performance effect of IC is contingent on the industry. Furthermore, the study reveals that industry-level endowment with regard to intangibles contributes more to company performance in comparison with a company-level endowment, in the context of the transitional economy.


Originality/value
The study proposes a novel methodological approach to the performance effect of IC in the Russian context, studying the differences between industry and company effect. The study provides insights to better understand the importance of the politics of IC at the different levels (industry and company) and presents a new empirical enquiry into strategic behaviour regarding IC in Russia.

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Mariia Revakovych [Maria Rewakowicz]. </span><span>Persona non grata. Narysy pro N'iu-Iorks'ku hrupu, modernizm ta identychnist'</span><span>. </span><span>[Persona non grata. Essays on the New York Group, Modernism and Identity.] Kyiv: Krytyka, 2012. 336 pp. Paper. </span></p></div></div></div>

Abstract
This article examines the responses of early Soviet legal and juridical professionals to the 1926 group rape of seventeen-year-old Mariia N. as a starting point to discuss assumptions regarding women's sexuality, peasant consciousness, and revolutionary transformation. By 1926, anxiety over the slow pace of revolutionary change created what might be called a crisis of legitimacy among early Soviet legal professionals. This article examines how these juridical professionals perceived the limits and failures of efforts to transform Russian society along socialist lines, and highlights their explanations for those failures that rested on the persistent "backwardness" of the countryside and on traditional discourses of female sexuality. While they argued that the slow pace of transformation hindered rural development, and expected greater state intervention in the countryside to facilitate such change, they failed to challenge traditional patriarchal assumptions regarding women. The article argues that the legal system played a central role in the Soviet social transformation, and that through redefining the law, early Soviet professionals helped to construct a legal foundation for the state that ultimately facilitated the state's move away from its early emancipatory and communal impulses and toward the embrace of paternalism and individualism.