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The resiliency of systems integrated through cyber networks is of utmost importance due to the reliance on these systems for critical services such as industrial control systems, nuclear production, and military weapons systems. Current research in cyber resiliency remains largely limited to methodologies utilizing a singular technique that is predominantly theoretical with limited examples given. This research uses notional data in presenting a novel approach to cyber system analysis and network resource allocation by leveraging multiple techniques including game theory, stochastic processes, and mathematical programming. An operational network security problem consisting of 20 tactical normal form games provides an assessment of the resiliency of a cyber defender's network by leveraging the solutions of each tactical game to inform transitional probabilities of a discrete-time Markov chain over an attacker- defender state space. Furthermore, the Markov chain provides an assessment of the conditional path through the operational problem with an expected cost of damage to the defender network. The solutions of the tactical games and, in turn the operational problem, are utilized to determine the effects and risks of projected network improvement resource allocation decisions via an integer program. These results can be used to inform network analysts of the resiliency of their network while providing recommendations and requirements for improving their network resiliency posture against potential malicious external actors.

AbstractInterpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is an idiographic approach to qualitative research. It is widely used in psychologically-informed studies which aim to understand the meaning and context of specific experiences. In this paper, we provide some background and introduction to the principles and processes underpinning IPA research. We extend this via a practical example, reporting on selected analyses from a study which explores the phenomenology and meaning of loneliness, through interviews conducted with a group of religious women. Through our observations on the complex role of absence for loneliness, we show that IPA can be a powerful tool for exploring and understanding the meaning of salient experiences. We reflect on the significance of the results for advancing theories of loneliness; and on the capacity of the IPA approach to provide researchers with an important and useful phenomenological perspective, through its emphasis on context, and its commitment to integrating convergent and divergent claims.

1: Introduction: Why relationships matter for mental health -- 2: Conceptual Foundations: Relational thinking for mental health contexts -- 3: Clinical Foundations: A brief history of relational practice -- 4: Family relatedness for Māori survivors of familial childhood sexual abuse -- 5: Relational contexts as causal and curative pathways in recurrent suicidal distress and repeated police Mental Health Act (Section 136) detention -- 6: Working through relational trauma: An exploration of narratives of lived experiences of trauma and recovery -- 7: Understanding the value base that supports the development of peer support relationships -- 8: Exploring family experiences and relationship dynamics where one member experiences psychosis: "We've Been On That Journey Together" -- 9: Relatedness and connectedness over time: How young people make sense of their relationships during their recovery from first-episode psychosis -- 10: Hunger trauma, relational care, and emergency food support -- 11: Implicating the institution: Who is responsible for sexuality-related silence in mental health settings?- 12: Romance in the context of psychosis: A risky business or are mental health services just risk averse?- 13: "You don't even get a hug": Sexuality and relational security in secure mental healthcare -- 14: The Development of a Relational Practice Movement -- 15: Concluding thoughts: Relational hopes, relational realities. .

This title presents a comprehensive guide to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) which is an increasingly popular approach to qualitative inquiry taught to undergraduate and postgraduate students today

AbstractBackgroundUsing inclusive research methods with people with intellectual disabilities is increasingly common. A recent consensus statement identified key elements when conducting and reporting inclusive research with people with intellectual disabilities. This review identifies the range of health and social care research topics using inclusive research methodologies, systematically appraises the involvement of researchers with intellectual disabilities, and identifies facilitators and barriers to inclusive research. Researchers' experiences of engaging with inclusive research are synthesised.MethodSeventeen empirical studies focused upon inclusive health and social care research were identified. The associated inclusive research methodologies employed, and the stages in which researchers with intellectual disabilities were involved, along with the experiences of researchers with and without intellectual disabilities were synthesised.ResultsPapers focused on a broad range of health and social care topics and largely employed qualitative or mixed‐methods designs. Researchers with intellectual disabilities were frequently involved with data collection, analysis and dissemination. Facilitators of inclusive research comprised sharing power, team working, having sufficient resources and making research methodologies accessible.ConclusionsResearchers with intellectual disabilities are involved in a wide range of methodologies and research tasks. How the added value of inclusive research is measured and its impact on outcomes, require consideration.

The aim of the present study was to gain an understanding of the perspectives of men who were convicted of committing a sexual offense that included online sexual grooming. It explores their experiences of illegal interactions with young people via Internet communication platforms, which progressed to physical meetings. Semistructured interviews were conducted with two men and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), providing in-depth accounts of their personal experiences. These are presented in a case study format. Three dominant themes emerged from the analysis: (a) fulfilling an unmet need, (b) spiraling cycle of use, and (c) confrontation with reality. Narrative tones employed by the two men were "being trapped in a lie," analogous to a problem narrative through which their Internet use was presented as a poor and/or failed coping strategy to deal with life stress. Through a process of habituation, their Internet use spiraled out of control. A progression was described in terms of time spent on the computer, frequency and intensity of online interactions, and the impact this had on the men's personal lives, highlighting the "compulsive" nature of such interactions for them. A consideration of individual and situational vulnerability factors provides new insight into the progression of online sexual behavior and contributes to our understanding thereof.

BACKGROUND Maternal mortality in East Africa is high with a maternal mortality rate of 428 per 100,000 live births. Malawi, whilst comparing favourably to East Africa as a whole, continues to have a high maternal mortality rate (349 per 100,000 live births) despite it being reduced by 53% since 2000. To make further improvements in maternal healthcare, initiatives must be carefully targeted and evaluated to achieve maximum influence. The Malawian Government is committed to improving maternal health; however, to achieve this goal, the quality of care must be high. Furthermore, such a goal requires enough staff with appropriate training. There are not enough midwives in Malawi; therefore, focusing on staff working lives has the potential to improve care and retain staff within the system. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify ways in which working lives of maternity healthcare workers could be enhanced to improve clinical care. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a 1-year ethnographic study of 3 district-level hospitals in Malawi. Data were collected through observations and discussions with staff and analyzed iteratively. The ethnography focused on the interrelationships among staff as these relationships seemed most important to working lives. The field jottings were transcribed into electronic documents and analyzed using NVivo. The findings were discussed and developed with the research team, participants, and other researchers and healthcare workers in Malawi. To understand the data, we developed a conceptual model, "the social order of the hospital," using Bourdieu's work on political sociology. The social order was composed of the social structure of the hospital (hierarchy), rules of the hospital (how staff in different staff groups behaved), and precedent (following the example of those before them). RESULTS We used the social order to consider the different core areas that emerged from the data: processes, clinical care, relationships, and context. The Malawian system is underresourced with staff unable to provide high-quality care because of the lack of infrastructure and equipment. However, some processes hinder them on national and local level, for example staff rotations and poorly managed processes for labeling drugs. The staff are aware of the clinical care they should provide; however, they sometimes do not provide such care because they are working with the predefined system and they do not want to disrupt it. Within all of this, there are hierarchical relationships and a desire to move to the next level of the system to ensure a better life with more benefits and less direct clinical work. These elements interact to keep care at its most basic as disruption to the "usual" way of doing things is challenging and creates more work. CONCLUSION To improve the working lives of the Malawian maternity staff, it is necessary to focus on improving the working culture, relationships, and environment. This may help the next generation of Malawian maternity staff to be happier at work and to better provide respectful, comprehensive, high-quality care to women.

AbstractBackgroundThis paper examines the appropriateness of using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) in research with people who have intellectual disabilities, focussing on quality.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search to identify published studies. We assessed the quality of the studies using a bespoke framework, adapted from previous reviews, and articles on indicators of "good" IPA work.ResultsTwenty‐eight papers were reviewed. The studies were of varying quality: 6 (22%) papers were rated as "good" quality; 16 (57%) were "acceptable", and 6 (21%) were "poor." This ratio was comparable to that found in assessments of IPA papers in other domains, suggesting that issues of quality reflect researcher competence, rather than challenges with the population.ConclusionsIPA can be an appropriate methodology to use with people with intellectual disabilities. We encourage researchers to develop more detailed analyses, to provide more transparency about their sampling strategies, and more detail of the characteristics of their samples.