Suchergebnisse

La tasa de encarcelamiento ha aumentado significativamente en Chile en las últimas décadas, siendo este aumento particularmente pronunciado en el caso de la población penal femenina. En una sociedad patriarcal donde la crianza recae principalmente en las mujeres, esto genera consecuencias para ellas y sus hijos/as. Este artículo explora en qué medida las características de los/as niños/as, del contexto donde quedan y de la condena de la madre se relacionan con más conductas problemáticas. Con una muestra representativa de mujeres privadas de libertad de Santiago de Chile, y a través de regresiones logísticas, se evidencia que los/as niños/as de mayor edad, que vivían con su madre antes del encarcelamiento y reportan problemas con la persona que queda a cargo de cuidarles fuera de la cárcel tienen mayores probabilidades de presentar conductas problemáticas. Estos resultados son robustos incluso cuando se controla por el consumo de sustancias y la reincidencia previa de la madre.

Research has yet to examine stability in employment as a function of cannabis use once an individual transitions into full-time work. Using data from the Rochester Youth Development Study, trajectories of cannabis use spanning ages 14 to 30 were identified among a sample of predominantly minorities (>80%; 68% African American). After hard-classifying individuals by patterns of cannabis use, probabilities of full-time employment and conditional probabilities of full-time employment were calculated and compared across patterns of use. Abstention or rare cannabis use was associated with a higher likelihood of full-time employment compared with other cannabis use patterns. Full-time employment stability was high for each pattern of cannabis use (>89%) and differences decreased with age and prior periods of employment. The results indicate that patterns of cannabis use spanning adolescence to adulthood have limited impact on the ability to retain full-time employment once employed and are interpreted in light of growing legalization of cannabis use.

This study examines the role that effective parenting plays in the relationship between childhood conduct problems and the early onset of drug use. Effective parenting is posited to have a direct protective effect on drug use, a moderating effect on the relationship between conduct problems and early onset, and mediate the relationship between conduct problems and early onset. Two-generational panel data are used to examine these relationships among 263 parent–child dyads. Support is found for the direct protective effect of effective parenting on early onset .and for a partial mediating effect of parenting in the relationship between conduct problems and early onset. There was no support found for parenting moderating the risk that is posed by having childhood conduct problems. Implications for preventing childhood conduct problems from resulting in early onset of drug use through enhancing efforts to help parents cope with such problems are discussed.

The last decades' increase in female incarceration has translated into an increasing number of women being released from prison. Understanding their characteristics and criminal trajectories can enlighten us regarding the different needs of women upon re-entering society after incarceration. Drawing on data from the Reinserción, Desistimiento y Reincidencia en Mujeres Privadas de Libertad en Chile study, this article identifies different profiles among a cohort of 225 women who were released from prison in Santiago, Chile, and demonstrates that significant heterogeneity exists among them in terms of their criminal trajectories and the intervention needs to support their transition out of prison.