Suchergebnisse

Med udgangspunkt i et konkret eksempel fra den virkelige verden - en politirazzia - viser Peter Larsen, hvordan de denotative og konnotative niveauer bruges i tegngivningne som led i en markedsføring, og hvorfor tegnlæsningne har brug for semiologien. Hvis den skal nå bag om over- fladen til en kritisk forståelse af, hvad der er på færde. Peter Larsen opridser tegnlæsningens hvistorie gennem de sidste 100 år og disku- terer tegngivningen som fænomen i relation til "moderniteten". Endelig giver Peter Larsen et bud på, hvorfor reklamebranchen pludselig er blevet interesseret i semiologiens projekt, og påpeger faren for at dens (altså semiologiens) kritiske potentiale dermed opsuges.

Intro -- Acknowledgement -- Contents -- Chapter 1: The Causality Syndrome -- The Causality Syndrome Unpacked: System 1 and System 2 -- The Institutionalization of The Causality Syndrome -- Create More Space -- References -- Chapter 2: Twenty-five Questions -- Q1. Is Causality a Useful Concept in Social Science? -- Q2. Is Causation the Most Important and Honorable Task in the Social Sciences? -- Q3. Are All Great Social Scientists Famous for Their Causal Analysis? -- Q4. Is Causality Only One Thing? -- Q5. Can You Only Ask One Type of Question About Causality? -- Q6. Is Methodology Prior to Paradigms? -- Q7. Do Methodological Rules Precede Scientific Practice? -- Q8. Is Scientific Progress a Result of Compliance with Methodological Rules? -- Q9. Will Social Science Cleanse Itself of Ideology and Normativity, if it Restricts Itself to Causal Analysis? -- Q10. Does Causation Always Require a Counterfactual? -- Q11. If You Compare Two Groups, Is it then Less Important What the Comparison Is About? -- Q12. Does Reciprocal Causality Mean You Have Not Nailed Genuine Causality? -- Q13. Does the Quality of a Study Depend on Its Place in a Hierarchy of Evidence? -- Q14. Is the Randomized Controlled Trial a Clincher, and All Other Kinds of Studies Just Vouchers? -- Q15. Is a Study Better, the More Control You Have over the Situation? -- Q16. Will Causal Knowledge Accumulate Over Time? -- Q17. Does the Evidence Hierarchy Only Produce Knowledge? -- Q18. Are the Rules for Causal Inference the Same Regardless of the Practical Situation? -- Q19. Can You Sell Your Study by Pretending that Its Design Is Better than it Actually Is? -- Q20. Is Your Career in Jeopardy, if You Do Not Comply with The Causality Syndrome? -- Q21. Are People Primarily Interested in Outcomes? -- Q22. Do We Spend Most of Our Lives Thinking About the Causal Net Effect of X on Y?.

This book offers a critique of the present status of the concept of causality in the social sciences. "The Causality Syndrome" consists of a belief in causal studies as more important than other studies, a narrow definition of causality, and rules of thumb regarding how to make causal claims. The book argues that the present dominance of this syndrome has considerable downsides and presents a challenge to social science. The book dissects the many interconnected ideas which undergird this syndrome and offers an intellectual home for advanced students, researchers and others who are concerned about the present dominance of The Causality Syndrome. The book critically discusses whether "causality" deserves the central position in social science that its advocates desire. The text shows how methodological rules about causal inference are used to protect causal studies from critique, even in situations where these rules are not followed. It is argued that institutionalization of these rules as symbols of good and trustworthy social science is highly problematic and comes with a price. One of the casualties of causality is that there is less motivation to study complex and pressing issues in society which do not lend themselves to causal study designs. The sections are short. The argument unfolds in a lively, engaged form with examples from many fields, including public health, evaluation and organizational studies. The case examples include classical experiments as well as contemporary research, e.g. studies of the effectiveness of restrictions targeting the spread of coronavirus. Peter Dahler-Larsen is Professor at the Department for Political Science at University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where he is the leader of the Centre for Research on Evaluation, Measurement and Effects (CREME).

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Foreword to the English Edition -- Introduction. The Evaluation Wave: From Mystery to Analysis -- 1. Organizational Understandings -- 2. Evaluation in the Institutionalized Organization -- 3. Modernity and Its "Evaluation Imaginary" -- 4. Reflexive Modernity -- 5. Evaluation in Reflexive Modernity -- 6. Audit Society, Neorigorism, and Evaluation Machines -- 7. The Critique of Evaluation Machines -- Epilogue. Perspectives for Evaluation -- References -- Index

Introduction : world heritage and human rights in the Asia Pacific and global arena / Peter Bille Larsen -- The World Heritage Committee and human rights : learning from event ethnography / Peter Bille Larsen and Kristal Buckley -- World heritage and human rights in Australia : from K'gari/Fraser Island to national processes / Ian Lilley, Kristal Buckley and Helena Kajlich -- Sambor Prei Kuk : demarcating the relationship between religion and cultural heritage as human rights in Cambodia / Jonathan Liljeblad -- Empowerment and human rights : comparing two cultural heritage cases in Xi'an, China / Harald Høyem -- World heritage and rights in Malaysia : a case study of Kinabalu Park World Heritage Site, Sabah / Amran Hamzah -- Cultural and participation rights in Bagan, Myanmar / Anne Laura Kraak -- Local rights in world heritage sites : learning from post-earthquake rehabilitation dynamics in the Kathmandu Valley / Sudarshan Raj Tiwari, Pranita Shrestha and Hans Christie Bjønness -- Vigan : world heritage as a "tool for development"? / Sara Dürr, Malot Ingel and Bettina Beer -- World heritage and ethnic minority rights in Phong Nha Ke Bang, Vietnam : cosmopolitan assemblages in neoliberal times / Peter Bille Larsen -- The inter-relationship of the World Heritage Convention and international human tights law : a preliminary assessment and outlook / Alexander H.E. Morawa and Gabriel Zalazar -- Legal frameworks for world heritage and human rights in Australia / Ben Boer and Stefan Gruber -- The World Heritage Convention and human rights in Nepal : a review of legal norms and practices / Bipin Adhikari -- World heritage and human rights policy and legislation in the Philippines / Lucille Karen E. Malilong and Mary Grace Ellen S. Villanueva -- World heritage and human rights policy in Vietnam : a legal review / Nguyen Linh Giang -- (Re)structuring rights and world heritage dynamics and looking towards the future / Peter Bille Larsen.

One of the most dominant trends in the field of evaluation in recent years is the institutionalization of evaluation under headlines such as "evaluation culture," "evaluation policy," and "evaluation systems." There has been less interest in how evaluation systems can be changed, modified, or improved, not to mention deinstitutionalized, if necessary. Can a variety of stakeholders deliberate about the consequences of an evaluation system, and can it lead to policy change? A case study of a ministerial advisory group on national tests in Denmark shows how specific challenges were dealt with, such as the design of the deliberative process, the potential dominance of experts, and the distinction between technical-evaluative and practical-political arguments, and how these maneuvers paved the way for policy change. Based on the case study, the article discusses the prospects for democratic deliberation about evaluation systems.

Abstract
This paper considers Berkeley's use of Plato in Siris. Berkeley's engagement with ancient thinkers in Siris has been a source of puzzlement for many readers. In this paper I focus on Siris § 266. In particular, I consider why Berkeley says of the Platonists that they "distinguished the primary qualities in bodies from the secondary" and why, given his own well-known misgivings about the distinction, he characterizes this as part of a "notion of the true system of the world." I argue that in Siris Berkeley accepts a distinctive form of corpuscularianism, and that he thinks a distinction between primary and secondary qualities follows from this. I further argue that in § 266, and elsewhere in Siris, Berkeley engages in a careful reading of Plato's Timaeus, which he uses to bolster his defense of the compatibility between corpuscularianism and his immaterialist idealism.